Strategic Plan, Part II: SWOTT Analysis

Applying the SHOOT to Pewter's Accounting Services will help identify economic, legal, regulatory forces that affect business. This analysis will not only allow the business to Identify strength but weaknesses In Its Industry. Understanding the weaknesses of the industry will also allow to strategies for different opportunities.By identifying threats and trends we can make bold predictions to take advantage of opportunities and changes before they come to fruition. We will be Identifying seven different forces and trends that affect business. Economic Economic trends play a major role in all businesses. This is a major factor that an accounting services business will have to force to make predictions and adjustments. Based on trends the company may anticipate hiring more or less employees. A positive strength for Peters Accounting Services is that regardless of a good or bad economic year individuals still have to file state and federal taxes.Business will still ay quarterly taxes an d need help with bookkeeping as well as annual filing of taxes for the state and federal government as well. Threats of a poor economy can tend to not impact this industry too much because it is a constant need. An opportunity for this business lies during an economic upswing new businesses are being created meaning the need for an accounting services will be used frequently. Being able to offer year round services will help fight the Idea of seasonal work that tax prepares and consultants have to compete with.Legal and Regulatory In order to be a reputable company the Pewter's Accounting Services should be quipped with Certified Public Accountants. A CPA is an Individual who has taken the time to take a series of four rigorous exams that have to be completed in an 18- month period (CPA Review, 2013). Accountants can don't have to be Spa's but there is an extra allure and makes your information reputable compared to the latter. Accountants are required to take 20 hours of continued education, which Is also referred to as CE credits this allows them to stay updated on new laws and regulations for the upcoming year (CPA Review, 2013).Despite the requirement this is not enough time for an individual to gather and retain much of the information. A lot of time and hours with the organization will need to be dedicated to ensure that all individuals aiding in filing taxes is up to date. Supply Chain and Technology Pewter's Accounting Services will have to take advantage of new technology available to a mass market. This external factor can be seen as both a strength and weakness. There is one major factor that gains an accounting services business.During tax 1 OFF referrals and networking efforts throughout the year. During this time the company can impress new clients and existing clients by providing the newest or most efficient accounting software to help the customers file their taxes electronically. The accounting services will also provide its customers access remotely via a secured online site providing the clients access to their financial information from anywhere in the world. This can provide issues of security because we are dealing with sensitive information that can be used in a malicious fashion if intercepted.Adjusting to Change and Competitive analysis Pewter's Accounting Services will have its headquarters in the San Fernando Valley. A quick yelp search of accountants near the North Hollywood area provides a list of 109 efferent companies that offer accounting services (Yelp, 2014). The last census of North Hollywood estimated that there was over 160 thousand residence, which has only grown in the last 10 years. Despite the large number of competition in the area there are plenty of clients to go around especially when there are new adults entering the workforce every year. Working on referrals will be our strength.Individuals and business owner tend to refer a good CPA when possible. Seasonal business can be lost to conglomer ates like H & R Block who specialize in short form tax solutions at high prices. They however have big advertisement dollars that will need us to think outside the box to get business. They prepare taxes for 1 in every 7 filed returns in the United States (H & R Block, 2013). This leads to staying competitive not necessarily with H & R Block but with other single owner or partnership offices and that is by having our tax prepares go through the training provided by H & R Block.This will give us up to date technician and trends with the industry while also allowing us to make modifications to our own strategies. Strategy Internal factors will include a structured strategy for the company. The strength of strategy will be more control of day-to-day operations. The beginning phase will be consist of building a clientele base by Joining the Los Angels Latino Chamber of Commerce along with other organizations in the area. This will help build the reputation for the firm. Keeping the staf f small will be a must to keep overhead low.Location will not be cheap but will be a necessary evil when trying to attract walk in business. Pricing will be key as well. The company cannot price too low or too high. The companies' long-term plan is to also higher licensed representatives that can give financial advice as well. This phase of the strategy will help earn more trust in the community as well as build market share by reinvesting customers tax returns and also offering tax right off by setting up individual retirement accounts. Processes & systems In order to retain and increase the customer base follow up process need to be in place.Email's, Addresses, and phone number records need to be maintained and scrubbed before outbound calls are made according to the telephone consumer protection act if we are making sales calls (FCC, 2014). Most of our outbound calls will are that will be adopted by the company to standout from other companies. Our systems will also have reminder s and will also send out emails periodically to give our customers industry updates. The systems for internal control will all need password verifications to view customer data.Accessing of this data will ensure that we can keep customer information safe to help fight identity theft. Goals Accounting is a very stable form of earning a living. The goal for Pewter's Accounting Service is to become a leader in the community. Surviving the first couple of years will not be easy, but consistency pays off in the end. Visibility will be important as individuals flock towards others that make a difference and are accessible. Despite the treat of losing customers it is inevitable to suffer attrition, but staying ahead of market trends will be required to avoid huge dips in production.Branching out to being more than Just a seasonal service will also be key. Hiring Spa's and accountants that can assist with other daily activities like payroll, bookkeeping, and advising will help bring in inco me year round. Conclusion The SHOOT analysis assisted in identifying key objectives and obstacles that a new business can face, but over come. The art of planning cannot be understated as we deiced there is internal and external factors that impact business. Perception of the world around the business is a key component of this analysis. Strategic Plan, Part II: SWOTT Analysis Applying the SHOOT to Pewter's Accounting Services will help identify economic, legal, regulatory forces that affect business. This analysis will not only allow the business to Identify strength but weaknesses In Its Industry. Understanding the weaknesses of the industry will also allow to strategies for different opportunities.By identifying threats and trends we can make bold predictions to take advantage of opportunities and changes before they come to fruition. We will be Identifying seven different forces and trends that affect business. Economic Economic trends play a major role in all businesses. This is a major factor that an accounting services business will have to force to make predictions and adjustments. Based on trends the company may anticipate hiring more or less employees. A positive strength for Peters Accounting Services is that regardless of a good or bad economic year individuals still have to file state and federal taxes.Business will still ay quarterly taxes an d need help with bookkeeping as well as annual filing of taxes for the state and federal government as well. Threats of a poor economy can tend to not impact this industry too much because it is a constant need. An opportunity for this business lies during an economic upswing new businesses are being created meaning the need for an accounting services will be used frequently. Being able to offer year round services will help fight the Idea of seasonal work that tax prepares and consultants have to compete with.Legal and Regulatory In order to be a reputable company the Pewter's Accounting Services should be quipped with Certified Public Accountants. A CPA is an Individual who has taken the time to take a series of four rigorous exams that have to be completed in an 18- month period (CPA Review, 2013). Accountants can don't have to be Spa's but there is an extra allure and makes your information reputable compared to the latter. Accountants are required to take 20 hours of continued education, which Is also referred to as CE credits this allows them to stay updated on new laws and regulations for the upcoming year (CPA Review, 2013).Despite the requirement this is not enough time for an individual to gather and retain much of the information. A lot of time and hours with the organization will need to be dedicated to ensure that all individuals aiding in filing taxes is up to date. Supply Chain and Technology Pewter's Accounting Services will have to take advantage of new technology available to a mass market. This external factor can be seen as both a strength and weakness. There is one major factor that gains an accounting services business.During tax 1 OFF referrals and networking efforts throughout the year. During this time the company can impress new clients and existing clients by providing the newest or most efficient accounting software to help the customers file their taxes electronically. The accounting services will also provide its customers access remotely via a secured online site providing the clients access to their financial information from anywhere in the world. This can provide issues of security because we are dealing with sensitive information that can be used in a malicious fashion if intercepted.Adjusting to Change and Competitive analysis Pewter's Accounting Services will have its headquarters in the San Fernando Valley. A quick yelp search of accountants near the North Hollywood area provides a list of 109 efferent companies that offer accounting services (Yelp, 2014). The last census of North Hollywood estimated that there was over 160 thousand residence, which has only grown in the last 10 years. Despite the large number of competition in the area there are plenty of clients to go around especially when there are new adults entering the workforce every year. Working on referrals will be our strength.Individuals and business owner tend to refer a good CPA when possible. Seasonal business can be lost to conglomer ates like H & R Block who specialize in short form tax solutions at high prices. They however have big advertisement dollars that will need us to think outside the box to get business. They prepare taxes for 1 in every 7 filed returns in the United States (H & R Block, 2013). This leads to staying competitive not necessarily with H & R Block but with other single owner or partnership offices and that is by having our tax prepares go through the training provided by H & R Block.This will give us up to date technician and trends with the industry while also allowing us to make modifications to our own strategies. Strategy Internal factors will include a structured strategy for the company. The strength of strategy will be more control of day-to-day operations. The beginning phase will be consist of building a clientele base by Joining the Los Angels Latino Chamber of Commerce along with other organizations in the area. This will help build the reputation for the firm. Keeping the staf f small will be a must to keep overhead low.Location will not be cheap but will be a necessary evil when trying to attract walk in business. Pricing will be key as well. The company cannot price too low or too high. The companies' long-term plan is to also higher licensed representatives that can give financial advice as well. This phase of the strategy will help earn more trust in the community as well as build market share by reinvesting customers tax returns and also offering tax right off by setting up individual retirement accounts. Processes & systems In order to retain and increase the customer base follow up process need to be in place.Email's, Addresses, and phone number records need to be maintained and scrubbed before outbound calls are made according to the telephone consumer protection act if we are making sales calls (FCC, 2014). Most of our outbound calls will are that will be adopted by the company to standout from other companies. Our systems will also have reminder s and will also send out emails periodically to give our customers industry updates. The systems for internal control will all need password verifications to view customer data.Accessing of this data will ensure that we can keep customer information safe to help fight identity theft. Goals Accounting is a very stable form of earning a living. The goal for Pewter's Accounting Service is to become a leader in the community. Surviving the first couple of years will not be easy, but consistency pays off in the end. Visibility will be important as individuals flock towards others that make a difference and are accessible. Despite the treat of losing customers it is inevitable to suffer attrition, but staying ahead of market trends will be required to avoid huge dips in production.Branching out to being more than Just a seasonal service will also be key. Hiring Spa's and accountants that can assist with other daily activities like payroll, bookkeeping, and advising will help bring in inco me year round. Conclusion The SHOOT analysis assisted in identifying key objectives and obstacles that a new business can face, but over come. The art of planning cannot be understated as we deiced there is internal and external factors that impact business. Perception of the world around the business is a key component of this analysis.

Forecasting †Simple Linear Regression Applications

STATISTICS FOR MGT DECISIONS FINAL EXAMINATION Forecasting – Simple Linear Regression Applications Interpretation and Use of Computer Output (Results) NAME SECTION A – REGRESSION ANALYSIS AND FORECASTING 1) The management of an international hotel chain is in the process of evaluating the possible sites for a new unit on a beach resort. As part of the analysis, the management is interested in evaluating the relationship between the distance of a hotel from the beach and the hotel’s average occupancy rate for the season. A sample of 14 existing hotels in the area is chosen, and each hotel reports its average occupancy rate.The management records the hotel’s distance (in miles) from the beach. The following set of data is obtained: Distance (miles)0. 10. 10. 20. 30. 40. 40. 50. 60. 7 Occupancy (%)929596908996908385 Continue Distance (miles)0. 70. 80. 80. 90. 9 Occupancy (%)8078767275 Use the computer output to respond to the following questions: a) A simple linear regression was ran with the occupancy rate as the dependent (explained) variable and distance from the beach as the independent (explaining) variable Occpnc=b[pic]+b[pic](Distncy) What is the estimated regression equation?The regression model is: Occpnc = b[pic] + b[pic](Distncy) The estimated regression equation is: OCCUPNC = 99. 61444 – 26. 703 DISTNCY b) Interpret the meaning behind the values you get for both coefficients b[pic] and b[pic]. b[pic]=99. 61444, represent the y-intercept as well as the starting figure for the distance coverage. This is the amount of distance in miles that the hotel is from a beach. b[pic] = 26. 703, represents the percentage of occupancy a hotel has depending on the distance of the hotel from a beach. c) What sort of relationship exists between average hotel occupancy rate and the hotel’s distance from the beach?Does this relationship make sense to you? Why or why not? Both distance and occupancy have a direct relationship. This is true because closer the hotel is to the beach, the higher the chance that the hotel’s occupancy will be greater. If a person is going to stay at a hotel, chances are they are on vacation. People on vacation love to spend time on a beach for relaxation purposes, so it would only make sense that a hotel that is closer to the beach will have a higher occupancy rate. d) Interpret the R-Square value in your computer output R-Squared = 0. 848195 = 84. 8195 ) Predict the expected occupancy rate for a hotel that is (i) one mile from the beach in that area, (ii) one and half miles from the beach. i. OCCUPNC = 99. 61444 – 26. 703 (1) = 99. 61444 – 26. 703 = 72. 911 ii. OCCUPNC = 99. 61444 – 26. 703 (1. 5) = 99. 61444 – 40. 055 = 59. 559 f) In your mind, what other variables contribute positively or negatively to hotel occupancy besides distance from the beach? Other variables that contribute positively or negatively to hotel occupancy besides distance fr om the beach include the distance of restaurants, shopping centers, and airport from the hotel.The closer theses variables are to the hotel the chances the occupancy rate will be higher. In addition, other variables may include what type of amenities that are offered by the hotel, customer service, and rating of the hotel. g) At a level of significance, ? = 0. 01 or 1 percent test the following pair of hypotheses: H[pic]: b[pic]= 0 H[pic]: b[pic]? 0 On the model: Occpnc=b[pic]+b[pic](Distncy) What is your conclusion and why that particular conclusion? COMPUTER OUTPUT – PART 1 INTERNATIONAL HOTEL REGRESSION FUNCTION & ANOVA FOR OCCPNCY OCCPNCY = 99. 61444 – 26. 703 DISTANCER-Squared = 0. 848195 Adjusted R-Squared = 0. 835545 Standard error of estimate = 3. 339362 Number of cases used = 14 Analysis of Variance p-value Source SS df MS F Value Sig Prob Regression 747. 68 1 747. 68390 67. 04880 0. 000002 Residual 133. 82 12 11. 15134 Total 881. 50 13 COMPUTER OUTPUT  œ PART 1 INTERNATIONAL HOTEL REGRESSION COEFFICIENTS FOR OCCPNCY Two-Sided p-value Variable Coefficient Std Error t Value Sig Prob Constant 99. 61444 1. 4107 51. 31933 0. 000000 DISTANCE -26. 70300 3. 26110 -8. 18833 0. 000002 * Standard error of estimate = 3. 339362 Durbin-Watson statistic = 1. 324282 MULTIPLE REGRESSION 2) You want to find out factors that explain an individual’s weekly savings. You are given a set of data below: Sampled WeeklyHouseFoodEntertain/Weekly IndividualIncomeRentExpenseExpenseSavings Case 1$25085952520 Case 2$1907590100 Case 3$4201401204050 Case 4$340120130040 Case 5$2801101003015 Case 6$310801252525 Case 7$5201501405580 Case 8$440175155450 Case 9$36090852095 Case 10$3851051353530Case 11$2058010505 Case 12$26565951515 Case 13$19550801020 Case 14$25090100250 Case 15$4801401604545 A multiple regression was ran with WEEKLY SAVINGS as the DEPENDENT VARIABLE and the rest as the INDEPENDENT VARIABLES. SAVINGS = b[pic][pic]+ b[pic]INCOME + b[pic]RENT + b [pic]FOOD + b[pic]ENTERT a) What is the estimated multiple regression equation? SAVINGS = 23. 14156 + 0. 591446 INCOME – 0. 341793 RENT – 1. 119734 FOOD – 0. 907868 ENTERT b) What relationship exists between (i) SAVINGS and INCOME? , SAVINGS and RENT? , SAVINGS and FOOD expense, SAVINGS and ENTERTAINMENT expense?There are no direct relationship between saving and income, savings and rent, savings and food expense, and savings and entertainment expense. c) Which of the independent (explaining) variables are (is) significant in the multiple regression and which ones are (is) not significant (use ? = 0. 05 level of significance). Are the results in line with Maslow hierarchy of needs? Explain. COMPUTER OUTPUT PART I WEEKLY SAVINGS REGRESSION FUNCTION & ANOVA FOR SAVINGS SAVINGS = 23. 14156 + 0. 591446 INCOME – 0. 341793 RENT – 1. 119734 FOOD – 0. 907868 ENTERT R-Squared = 0. 917562 Adjusted R-Squared = 0. 70454 Standard error of estimate = 10. 9635 Number of cases used = 12 Analysis of Variance p-value Source SS df MS F Value Sig Prob Regression 9364. 86 4 2341. 21 19. 47795 0. 000677 Residual 841. 39 7 120. 198 Total 10206. 250 11 COMPUTER OUTPUT PART II WEEKLY SAVINGS REGRESSION COEFFICIENTS FOR SAVINGS Two-Sidedp-value Variable Coefficient Std Error t Value Sig Prob Constant 23. 14156 18. 34071 1. 26176 0. 247451 INCOME 0. 59145 0. 07388 8. 00526 0. 000091 RENT -0. 4179 0. 19849 -1. 72199 0. 128743 * FOOD -1. 11973 0. 24633 -4. 54565 0. 002650 ENTERT -0. 90787 0. 32460 -2. 79689 0. 026643 * indicates that the variable is marked for leaving Standard error of estimate = 10. 9635 Durbin-Watson statistic = 1. 683103 3) REGRESSION ANALYSIS A business person is trying to estimate the relationship between the price of good X and the sales of good Y of certain groups of staples. Tests in similar cities throughout the country have yielded the data below: PRICE (X)SALES (Y) $2010,300 $259,100 $308,200 $356,500 $405,100 $502,300A simple linear regression of a model SALES(Y) = b[pic] + b[pic]PRICE(X) Was run and the computer output is shown below: PRICE OF X / SALES OF Y REGRESSION FUNCTION & ANOVA FOR SALES(Y) SALES(Y) = 15907. 14 – 269. 7143 PRICE(X) R-Squared = 0. 994999 Adjusted R-Squared = 0. 993749 Standard error of estimate = 230. 9143 Number of cases used = 6 Analysis of Variance p-value Source SS df MS F Value Sig Prob Regression 4. 24350E+07 1 4. 24350E+07 795. 83480 0. 000009 Residual 213285. 70000 4 53321. 43000 Total 4. 26483E+07 5PRICE OF X / SALES OF Y REGRESSION COEFFICIENTS FOR SALES(Y) Two-Sidedp-value Variable Coefficient Std Error t Value Sig Prob Constant 15907. 14000 332. 34250 47. 86370 0. 000001 PRICE(X) -269. 71430 9. 56076 -28. 21054 0. 000009 * Standard error of estimate = 230. 9143 Durbin-Watson statistic = 1. 687953 QUESTIONS a) What is the estimated equation of the model: SALES(Y) = b[pic] + b[pic]PRICE(X)? SALES(Y) = 15907. 14 – 269. 7143 PRICE(X) b) What sort of relationship exists between SALES OF Y and the PRICE OF X? Does this relationship make sense? Why or why not?There is a direct relationship between Sales of Y and the Price of X. The lower the price the higher are the sales. This makes sense because if the price is lower, a person will purchase more items. c) What can you say about GOOD Y and GOOD X (a good can be an item, a commodity, etc. ). Name a pair of good X and good y that can display this kind of relationship. Suppose the price of candy is $0. 50/lb, the sales of the candy versus the same type of candy that is $0. 80/lb would yield more sales because of the price. The price of the candy directly affects sales in this instance because a person would buy more candy at $0. 0/lb versus $0. 80/lb. 4) REGRESSION ANALYSIS A business person is trying to estimate the relationship between the price of good X and the sales of good Z of certain groups of staples. Tests in similar cities throughout the country have yielded the data belo w: PRICE (X)SALES (Z) $153300 $203900 $254750 $305500 $406550 $507250 A simple linear regression of a model SALES (Z) = b[pic] + b[pic]PRICE(X) Was run and the computer output is shown below: PRICE OF X / SALES OF Z REGRESSION FUNCTION & ANOVA FOR SALES(Y) SALES(Z) = 1740. 686 + 115. 5882 PRICE(X) R-Squared = 0. 977573 Adjusted R-Squared = 0. 71966 Standard error of estimate = 255. 2152 Number of cases used = 6 Analysis of Variance p-value Source SS df MS F Value Sig Prob Regression 1. 13565E+07 1 1. 13565E+07 174. 35450 0. 000190 Residual 260539. 20000 4 65134. 80000 Total 1. 16171E+07 5 PRICE OF X / SALES OF Z REGRESSION COEFFICIENTS FOR SALES(Z) p-value Variable Coefficient Std Error t Value Sig Prob Constant 1740. 68600 282. 52800 6. 16111 0. 003522 PRICE(X) 115. 58820 8. 75381 13. 20434 0. 000190 *Standard error of estimate = 255. 2152 Durbin-Watson statistic = 1. 240299 QUESTIONS a) What is the estimated equation of the model: SALES(Z) = b[pic] + b[pic]PRICE(X)? SALES (Z) = 17 40. 686 + 115. 5882 PRICE(X) b) What sort of relationship exists between SALES OF Z and the PRICE OF X? Does this relationship make sense? Why or why not? There is a direct relationship between Sales of Y and the Price of X. The higher the price the higher are the sales. This makes sense as it relates to supply and demand. The higher the demand and for the product and unavailability of the product, the price will go up even though sales may he same due to the price increase the sales amount will be higher. c) What can you say about GOOD Z and GOOD X (a good can be an item, a commodity, etc. ). Give an example of good X and good Z that can display this kind of relationship A prime example that displays this kind of relationship is gas. The price of gas has been going up for sometime now. The demand for it is high, but the supply of is low. Therefore, even though the amount of sales may stay constant, the dollar amount will be higher because the price is higher. Chi-Squared Test #1M&M , makers of Chocolate Candies, conducted a national poll in which more than ten million people indicated their preference for a new color. The tally of this poll resulted in the replacement of tan-colored M&Ms with a new blue color. In the brochure â€Å"Colors,† made available by M&MS Consumer Affairs, the distribution of colors for the plain candies is as follows: BROWNYELLOWREDORANGEGREENBLUE 30%20%20%10%10%10% In a follow-up study two years later, samples of 1-pound bags were used to determine whether the reported percentages were still valid. The following results were obtained (observed) for one sample of 506 plain candiesBROWNYELLOWREDORANGEGREENBLUE 17713579413638 Use a level of significance ( = 0. 05 to determine whether these data support the percentages reported by the company Hint: To obtain the Expected Number of multiply the sample value (506) by each color’s probability, i. e. , E = BROWNYELLOWREDORANGEGREENBLUE 30% (506)20%(506)20%(506)10%(506)10%(506)1 0%(506) Then compute the Chi-Squared. H[pic]: f[pic], f[pic], f[pic], f[pic], f[pic], f[pic] hold previous year’s patterns or percentages H[pic]: At least one frequency differs from the previous year’s pattern or percentages E = 506/6 = 84. 33 [pic]=(177 –84. 33)[pic]/84. 33+(135 – 84. 33)[pic]/84. 33 + (79 – 84. 33)[pic]/84. 33+(41 – 84. 33)[pic]/84. 33)+(36 – 84. 33)[pic]/84. 33+(38 – 84. 33)[pic]/84. 33) ([pic]=101. 937 + 30. 49217 + 0. 333215 + 22. 24069 + 27. 67367 + 25. 4293 ([pic]=208. 106. This is the computed ([pic]-value. ( = 0. 05 d. f. = 6 – 1 = 5. Go to ([pic]-tables at ( = 0. 05, and d. f. = 5, you will get CRITICAL ([pic]-value = 11. 070. Since Computed ([pic]-value is greater than Critical ([pic]-value REJECT NULL H[pic]:P[pic] = P[pic] = P[pic] = P[pic] = P[pic] ALTERNATIVE H[pic]: At least one P is different is correct Forecasting – Simple Linear Regression Applications STATISTICS FOR MGT DECISIONS FINAL EXAMINATION Forecasting – Simple Linear Regression Applications Interpretation and Use of Computer Output (Results) NAME SECTION A – REGRESSION ANALYSIS AND FORECASTING 1) The management of an international hotel chain is in the process of evaluating the possible sites for a new unit on a beach resort. As part of the analysis, the management is interested in evaluating the relationship between the distance of a hotel from the beach and the hotel’s average occupancy rate for the season. A sample of 14 existing hotels in the area is chosen, and each hotel reports its average occupancy rate.The management records the hotel’s distance (in miles) from the beach. The following set of data is obtained: Distance (miles)0. 10. 10. 20. 30. 40. 40. 50. 60. 7 Occupancy (%)929596908996908385 Continue Distance (miles)0. 70. 80. 80. 90. 9 Occupancy (%)8078767275 Use the computer output to respond to the following questions: a) A simple linear regression was ran with the occupancy rate as the dependent (explained) variable and distance from the beach as the independent (explaining) variable Occpnc=b[pic]+b[pic](Distncy) What is the estimated regression equation?The regression model is: Occpnc = b[pic] + b[pic](Distncy) The estimated regression equation is: OCCUPNC = 99. 61444 – 26. 703 DISTNCY b) Interpret the meaning behind the values you get for both coefficients b[pic] and b[pic]. b[pic]=99. 61444, represent the y-intercept as well as the starting figure for the distance coverage. This is the amount of distance in miles that the hotel is from a beach. b[pic] = 26. 703, represents the percentage of occupancy a hotel has depending on the distance of the hotel from a beach. c) What sort of relationship exists between average hotel occupancy rate and the hotel’s distance from the beach?Does this relationship make sense to you? Why or why not? Both distance and occupancy have a direct relationship. This is true because closer the hotel is to the beach, the higher the chance that the hotel’s occupancy will be greater. If a person is going to stay at a hotel, chances are they are on vacation. People on vacation love to spend time on a beach for relaxation purposes, so it would only make sense that a hotel that is closer to the beach will have a higher occupancy rate. d) Interpret the R-Square value in your computer output R-Squared = 0. 848195 = 84. 8195 ) Predict the expected occupancy rate for a hotel that is (i) one mile from the beach in that area, (ii) one and half miles from the beach. i. OCCUPNC = 99. 61444 – 26. 703 (1) = 99. 61444 – 26. 703 = 72. 911 ii. OCCUPNC = 99. 61444 – 26. 703 (1. 5) = 99. 61444 – 40. 055 = 59. 559 f) In your mind, what other variables contribute positively or negatively to hotel occupancy besides distance from the beach? Other variables that contribute positively or negatively to hotel occupancy besides distance fr om the beach include the distance of restaurants, shopping centers, and airport from the hotel.The closer theses variables are to the hotel the chances the occupancy rate will be higher. In addition, other variables may include what type of amenities that are offered by the hotel, customer service, and rating of the hotel. g) At a level of significance, ? = 0. 01 or 1 percent test the following pair of hypotheses: H[pic]: b[pic]= 0 H[pic]: b[pic]? 0 On the model: Occpnc=b[pic]+b[pic](Distncy) What is your conclusion and why that particular conclusion? COMPUTER OUTPUT – PART 1 INTERNATIONAL HOTEL REGRESSION FUNCTION & ANOVA FOR OCCPNCY OCCPNCY = 99. 61444 – 26. 703 DISTANCER-Squared = 0. 848195 Adjusted R-Squared = 0. 835545 Standard error of estimate = 3. 339362 Number of cases used = 14 Analysis of Variance p-value Source SS df MS F Value Sig Prob Regression 747. 68 1 747. 68390 67. 04880 0. 000002 Residual 133. 82 12 11. 15134 Total 881. 50 13 COMPUTER OUTPUT  œ PART 1 INTERNATIONAL HOTEL REGRESSION COEFFICIENTS FOR OCCPNCY Two-Sided p-value Variable Coefficient Std Error t Value Sig Prob Constant 99. 61444 1. 4107 51. 31933 0. 000000 DISTANCE -26. 70300 3. 26110 -8. 18833 0. 000002 * Standard error of estimate = 3. 339362 Durbin-Watson statistic = 1. 324282 MULTIPLE REGRESSION 2) You want to find out factors that explain an individual’s weekly savings. You are given a set of data below: Sampled WeeklyHouseFoodEntertain/Weekly IndividualIncomeRentExpenseExpenseSavings Case 1$25085952520 Case 2$1907590100 Case 3$4201401204050 Case 4$340120130040 Case 5$2801101003015 Case 6$310801252525 Case 7$5201501405580 Case 8$440175155450 Case 9$36090852095 Case 10$3851051353530Case 11$2058010505 Case 12$26565951515 Case 13$19550801020 Case 14$25090100250 Case 15$4801401604545 A multiple regression was ran with WEEKLY SAVINGS as the DEPENDENT VARIABLE and the rest as the INDEPENDENT VARIABLES. SAVINGS = b[pic][pic]+ b[pic]INCOME + b[pic]RENT + b [pic]FOOD + b[pic]ENTERT a) What is the estimated multiple regression equation? SAVINGS = 23. 14156 + 0. 591446 INCOME – 0. 341793 RENT – 1. 119734 FOOD – 0. 907868 ENTERT b) What relationship exists between (i) SAVINGS and INCOME? , SAVINGS and RENT? , SAVINGS and FOOD expense, SAVINGS and ENTERTAINMENT expense?There are no direct relationship between saving and income, savings and rent, savings and food expense, and savings and entertainment expense. c) Which of the independent (explaining) variables are (is) significant in the multiple regression and which ones are (is) not significant (use ? = 0. 05 level of significance). Are the results in line with Maslow hierarchy of needs? Explain. COMPUTER OUTPUT PART I WEEKLY SAVINGS REGRESSION FUNCTION & ANOVA FOR SAVINGS SAVINGS = 23. 14156 + 0. 591446 INCOME – 0. 341793 RENT – 1. 119734 FOOD – 0. 907868 ENTERT R-Squared = 0. 917562 Adjusted R-Squared = 0. 70454 Standard error of estimate = 10. 9635 Number of cases used = 12 Analysis of Variance p-value Source SS df MS F Value Sig Prob Regression 9364. 86 4 2341. 21 19. 47795 0. 000677 Residual 841. 39 7 120. 198 Total 10206. 250 11 COMPUTER OUTPUT PART II WEEKLY SAVINGS REGRESSION COEFFICIENTS FOR SAVINGS Two-Sidedp-value Variable Coefficient Std Error t Value Sig Prob Constant 23. 14156 18. 34071 1. 26176 0. 247451 INCOME 0. 59145 0. 07388 8. 00526 0. 000091 RENT -0. 4179 0. 19849 -1. 72199 0. 128743 * FOOD -1. 11973 0. 24633 -4. 54565 0. 002650 ENTERT -0. 90787 0. 32460 -2. 79689 0. 026643 * indicates that the variable is marked for leaving Standard error of estimate = 10. 9635 Durbin-Watson statistic = 1. 683103 3) REGRESSION ANALYSIS A business person is trying to estimate the relationship between the price of good X and the sales of good Y of certain groups of staples. Tests in similar cities throughout the country have yielded the data below: PRICE (X)SALES (Y) $2010,300 $259,100 $308,200 $356,500 $405,100 $502,300A simple linear regression of a model SALES(Y) = b[pic] + b[pic]PRICE(X) Was run and the computer output is shown below: PRICE OF X / SALES OF Y REGRESSION FUNCTION & ANOVA FOR SALES(Y) SALES(Y) = 15907. 14 – 269. 7143 PRICE(X) R-Squared = 0. 994999 Adjusted R-Squared = 0. 993749 Standard error of estimate = 230. 9143 Number of cases used = 6 Analysis of Variance p-value Source SS df MS F Value Sig Prob Regression 4. 24350E+07 1 4. 24350E+07 795. 83480 0. 000009 Residual 213285. 70000 4 53321. 43000 Total 4. 26483E+07 5PRICE OF X / SALES OF Y REGRESSION COEFFICIENTS FOR SALES(Y) Two-Sidedp-value Variable Coefficient Std Error t Value Sig Prob Constant 15907. 14000 332. 34250 47. 86370 0. 000001 PRICE(X) -269. 71430 9. 56076 -28. 21054 0. 000009 * Standard error of estimate = 230. 9143 Durbin-Watson statistic = 1. 687953 QUESTIONS a) What is the estimated equation of the model: SALES(Y) = b[pic] + b[pic]PRICE(X)? SALES(Y) = 15907. 14 – 269. 7143 PRICE(X) b) What sort of relationship exists between SALES OF Y and the PRICE OF X? Does this relationship make sense? Why or why not?There is a direct relationship between Sales of Y and the Price of X. The lower the price the higher are the sales. This makes sense because if the price is lower, a person will purchase more items. c) What can you say about GOOD Y and GOOD X (a good can be an item, a commodity, etc. ). Name a pair of good X and good y that can display this kind of relationship. Suppose the price of candy is $0. 50/lb, the sales of the candy versus the same type of candy that is $0. 80/lb would yield more sales because of the price. The price of the candy directly affects sales in this instance because a person would buy more candy at $0. 0/lb versus $0. 80/lb. 4) REGRESSION ANALYSIS A business person is trying to estimate the relationship between the price of good X and the sales of good Z of certain groups of staples. Tests in similar cities throughout the country have yielded the data belo w: PRICE (X)SALES (Z) $153300 $203900 $254750 $305500 $406550 $507250 A simple linear regression of a model SALES (Z) = b[pic] + b[pic]PRICE(X) Was run and the computer output is shown below: PRICE OF X / SALES OF Z REGRESSION FUNCTION & ANOVA FOR SALES(Y) SALES(Z) = 1740. 686 + 115. 5882 PRICE(X) R-Squared = 0. 977573 Adjusted R-Squared = 0. 71966 Standard error of estimate = 255. 2152 Number of cases used = 6 Analysis of Variance p-value Source SS df MS F Value Sig Prob Regression 1. 13565E+07 1 1. 13565E+07 174. 35450 0. 000190 Residual 260539. 20000 4 65134. 80000 Total 1. 16171E+07 5 PRICE OF X / SALES OF Z REGRESSION COEFFICIENTS FOR SALES(Z) p-value Variable Coefficient Std Error t Value Sig Prob Constant 1740. 68600 282. 52800 6. 16111 0. 003522 PRICE(X) 115. 58820 8. 75381 13. 20434 0. 000190 *Standard error of estimate = 255. 2152 Durbin-Watson statistic = 1. 240299 QUESTIONS a) What is the estimated equation of the model: SALES(Z) = b[pic] + b[pic]PRICE(X)? SALES (Z) = 17 40. 686 + 115. 5882 PRICE(X) b) What sort of relationship exists between SALES OF Z and the PRICE OF X? Does this relationship make sense? Why or why not? There is a direct relationship between Sales of Y and the Price of X. The higher the price the higher are the sales. This makes sense as it relates to supply and demand. The higher the demand and for the product and unavailability of the product, the price will go up even though sales may he same due to the price increase the sales amount will be higher. c) What can you say about GOOD Z and GOOD X (a good can be an item, a commodity, etc. ). Give an example of good X and good Z that can display this kind of relationship A prime example that displays this kind of relationship is gas. The price of gas has been going up for sometime now. The demand for it is high, but the supply of is low. Therefore, even though the amount of sales may stay constant, the dollar amount will be higher because the price is higher. Chi-Squared Test #1M&M , makers of Chocolate Candies, conducted a national poll in which more than ten million people indicated their preference for a new color. The tally of this poll resulted in the replacement of tan-colored M&Ms with a new blue color. In the brochure â€Å"Colors,† made available by M&MS Consumer Affairs, the distribution of colors for the plain candies is as follows: BROWNYELLOWREDORANGEGREENBLUE 30%20%20%10%10%10% In a follow-up study two years later, samples of 1-pound bags were used to determine whether the reported percentages were still valid. The following results were obtained (observed) for one sample of 506 plain candiesBROWNYELLOWREDORANGEGREENBLUE 17713579413638 Use a level of significance ( = 0. 05 to determine whether these data support the percentages reported by the company Hint: To obtain the Expected Number of multiply the sample value (506) by each color’s probability, i. e. , E = BROWNYELLOWREDORANGEGREENBLUE 30% (506)20%(506)20%(506)10%(506)10%(506)1 0%(506) Then compute the Chi-Squared. H[pic]: f[pic], f[pic], f[pic], f[pic], f[pic], f[pic] hold previous year’s patterns or percentages H[pic]: At least one frequency differs from the previous year’s pattern or percentages E = 506/6 = 84. 33 [pic]=(177 –84. 33)[pic]/84. 33+(135 – 84. 33)[pic]/84. 33 + (79 – 84. 33)[pic]/84. 33+(41 – 84. 33)[pic]/84. 33)+(36 – 84. 33)[pic]/84. 33+(38 – 84. 33)[pic]/84. 33) ([pic]=101. 937 + 30. 49217 + 0. 333215 + 22. 24069 + 27. 67367 + 25. 4293 ([pic]=208. 106. This is the computed ([pic]-value. ( = 0. 05 d. f. = 6 – 1 = 5. Go to ([pic]-tables at ( = 0. 05, and d. f. = 5, you will get CRITICAL ([pic]-value = 11. 070. Since Computed ([pic]-value is greater than Critical ([pic]-value REJECT NULL H[pic]:P[pic] = P[pic] = P[pic] = P[pic] = P[pic] ALTERNATIVE H[pic]: At least one P is different is correct

History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

History - Essay Example In the 1890 and 1915 elections in the Unite States, the republicans and the democrats joined to draft state laws prohibiting third party candidates from having third names on the ballot in presidential elections. Third party candidates are more likely to win elections easily at the local level which may cost a lot in other aspects of the elections according to Bibby and Schaffner (278). In avoiding this, the American government adopts a unique electoral system of winner-takes-all which allows the domination of two parties only. The third party candidate is said to add more weight on either of the two candidates in an attempt to improve their political agenda after elections. Although these third party candidates rarely emerge as winners, they may have an impact on the elections. For instance they mostly accused with issue of spoiler impact. This is because they it is likely for them expose issues which majority parties may ignore. If the issue is accepted by the voters, the major par ties may adopt it into their party platform. Another impact of third party candidates is that they can be used to pass a protest vote as a type of referendum on a significant issue. This may have the effect of an important issue being voted against due to disagreements between the major parties.

Movie review Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Movie review - Research Paper Example It is during the research on Doctor Death that Morris came across Adams who convinced him of his innocence. Emotional Aspect: Investigations into the Adams case revealed that five of the witnesses in the case had committed perjury. This resulted in Adams being given a death sentence that was later overturned by the Supreme Court in 1980 and was commuted to life imprisonment by the then Governor of Texas. Film Craft: The documentary was done by re-enacting scenes as they were told in the witnesses’ statements. In making the documentary, Morris and his team recreated several versions of the shooting that Adams was convicted for. It does not, however, recreate the scene where David Harris shoots the officer. The final scene of the film is an audio recording in which Morris and Harris can be heard speaking in the background. Comments: Although most convicted criminals are known to pledge their innocence, some of them are actually innocent of the crimes they were sentenced for. The Adams case is a clear illustration of cases where the innocent are prosecuted while the guilty roam

Persuasive arguement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Persuasive arguement - Essay Example Justice is the set of principles that major function is the distribution of entitlements, of rights, opportunities and resources. These would include income, wealth and the liberties that an individual possesses. For it therefore to be justice, the individuals to who these opportunities are presented must be several. Justice principally answers the question of who has a right or is entitled to what, in a given set or relative to other people or agents. This is more so, in an event that several agents are competing for these opportunities to meet different goals. In a liberal view therefore, and under these circumstances, a just distribution would take into considerations the provisions of mutual and equal respect. Democracy on the other hand, is a set of collective decision making processes. In these processes, those who belong to a given society or a particular group have an equal say in determining the rules that govern or should govern them. It is what Rawls defines as the exercis e of public reason. While the principle of democracy could be operationalized in a varied number of ways, its respect involves protecting the rights of the individuals, their liberties and their freedoms. These rights extend to the right to free speech, the freedom of expression and the freedom of association. It involves the right to let the majority determine who will hold political offices, and what laws will be used to govern the society. It also includes giving every individual, who has the capacity to vote, the chance to make his voice heard. While democracy is the respecting the will and the say of the majority, justice is protecting the rights of everybody in the society, including that of the minority. It is from this that justice and democracy always seem to come into conflict. The rules that are chosen through democratic procedures may fail to align with the demands that justice would propose for the society to appear or be just. The priority of the right over the good is one of the most central convictions of the political liberalisms that John Rawls proposes. It is common for democratic procedures and processes to be carried out in good faith. However, it is not always true that democratic procedures will always have it right when it comes to justice. It is common for the majority to use the strength of their numbers to stifle the voices of the minorities. It is for this reason and to remove this difficulty that minorities usually have their fundamental interests guarded by the provisions of a constitution. In this way, the controversy is removed from the whims of the majority. It is the belief of every liberal society that there are certain core principles that a society must have. Without these core principles, no society however developed, cannot claim that they express equality. Most of these interests typically provide for the basic freedoms, liberties and needs of an individual, including shelter, nutrition, sanitation, education, freedom of movement, bodily integrity, the freedom of thought and the equality before the law. As a consequence, subsistence rights and the liberties of a person place constraints on all the democratic decision makings. That is why if any outcome of any democratic process or procedure violates the provisions stipulated in the supreme law, that process is considered ipso facto unjust. For instance, the Declaration of Independence by the United States, that was adopted by the continental congress on the 4th of July 1776 asserted certain natural

Justinian and Theodora Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Justinian and Theodora - Research Paper Example ies), Monophysitism (Christ has a single essence—a combined human and divine one), and Arianism (the conviction that Christ was not of one essence with the Lord) also gained imperial approval for a certain period of time.vi The religious guidelines of Justinian manifested the imperial belief that the unity and strength of the empire was absolutely tantamount to unity of faith. People of a deviant faith had to understand that the measures which imperial policymaking had initiated since Constantius II would actively carry on. Current sources reveal harsh persecutions, even those of high political standing.vii Possibly the most striking occurrence took place in 529 when Plato’s teaching Academy was subjected to the authority of the state by the directive of Justinian, successfully choking this education institution for Hellenism. At the initial phase of his rule, Justinian, a follower of Chalcedonian Christianity, thought it appropriate to disseminate by edict his belief i n the Incarnation and the Trinity; and to terrorize all dissenters with the punishments; while he afterward proclaimed that he aimed to deny all opponents of orthodoxy of the chance to such violation by legal due process.viii Earlier scholars had viewed Justinian a despotic, but our point of view has transformed. Justinian and Theodora are now understood within their own perspective. Late Antiquity was not a time of unavoidable collapse, and what was most astonishing about the Roman empire of Eastern Europe and its succeeding state was their capacity to endure a chain of seemingly insurmountable problems while a series of migrations from the developing countries of Asia drove against the imperial borders. Within the imperial borders as well, the period of Justinian witnessed earthquakes, pestilence... This research aims to present Emperor Justinian and Empress Theodora of the Byzantine Empire. Flavius Anicius Justinianus or more widely known as Justinian I was born of a Slavonic peasant parents at Tauresium in Illyria, perhaps on the 11th of May, 483. Justinian received his formal education at Constantinople. He was excellently educated Roman history, theology, and jurisprudence. His career in the military showed quick progress, and a grand prospect presented itself to him when he became emperor in 518. Generally regarded as one of the major emperors of Late Antiquity, Justinian is widely known for his amendment of the law through the Tribonian commission, and the military growth of imperial empire that was accomplished throughout his rule, mainly through Belisarius’s—Byzantine Empire’s general-- actions. Aside from law, religion supported Justinian’s attempt to consolidate the administrative center of the imperial domain. Theodora, aside from being the wife of emperor Justinian, is regarded as one of the icons of the history of the Byzantine civilization. Certainly, the stories narrated by Procopius of Theodora’s deeds within and outside the hippodrome before her marriage belittle tales of more contemporary royal disgraces. Yet, more astonishing than the fact the contemporary likings for lustful rumors strongly resemble those of the previous eras is the understanding that the stories of Procopius was not wholly unfounded.

Managing Diversity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Managing Diversity - Essay Example (2008) Managing Diversity; the business case; London; CIPD] In this age of globalization, there is much controversy on the coming together of all kinds of people for a common purpose. Diversity is slowly becoming a common feature in schools, workplaces and communities. Due to this development, a lot of issues crop up such as acceptance of different races and cultures, sexual preferences, educational qualifications and changes in practices previously viewed as established norms. In the workplace, it takes various strategies to facilitate people from various backgrounds to work together towards the same goals. Motivation of people must be one strong quality of a great manager. The concept of diversity has been broadened to include all â€Å"individuals who bring unique perspectives or outlooks to the organization† (Schakelford, 2004, p.53). That means, it not only includes the traditional categories of race and gender, but also people with disabilities, various sexual orientations, and other non-traditional categories considered having â€Å"diversity of thought† or those from different disciplines, college degrees, socio-economic backgrounds, etc. It was Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. who inspired the concept of diversity when he advocated that people should be judged by their character, not by the color of their skin. This propelled lawmakers to come up with laws that provide equal opportunity to all (Mor Barak, 2000). These laws have been designed protect anyone from being discriminated against by reason of sex, marital status, ethnic or national origin, color, race, nationality, age, disability, religion, and differing terms of employment, including pay for jobs of equal value. â€Å"Equal opportunity† is a means by which a person receives equal access in society. â€Å"Equal opportunities approach† is premised on the principle that all people can avail of

Cylyndrospermospis (CYN) Algae Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Cylyndrospermospis (CYN) Algae - Essay Example The paper analyses the risk of Cylindrospermopsin toxicity in human beings posed by consumption of seafood which are highly regarded s the toxin agents. The assessment covers the risk of exposure through seafood consumption by residents of Victoria, Australia, around the Gippsland Lakes, neglecting other kinds of exposure since the place where the field of study is other factors are either do not exist or are neglable. These other risk factors include: exposure due to recreational activities, which is highly advocated against in the area; and exposure through drinking water, which is ruled out since the water drunk the residents is not sourced at the Cyanobacteria infested Gippsland Lakes. Introduction Cylindrospermopsin is a toxin that occurs naturally, and is produced by specific strains of Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii among at least 4 other freshwater cyanobacterial species, counting Umezakia natans, Anabaena bergii, Raphidiopsis curvata and Aphanizomenon ovalisporum (Aldrich, 2 012, p. 3). Cylindrospermopsin chemical structure was not clarified until 1992. It comprises of a tri-cyclic guanidine moiety combined with hydroxyl-methyl-uracil. Its molecular formula is C15H21N5O7S and molecular weight is 415.43. It is zwitterionic (a di-polar ion with localized negative and positive charges). Deoxycylindro-spermopsin, a cylindrospermopsin analog in which the hydroxyl group in the uracil bridge has been removed, isolated from R. curvata and C. raciborskii (Aldrich, 2012, p. 3) . 7-epicylindrospermopsin is another structural variation of cylindrospermopsin which was isolated from A. ovalisporum. The Gippsland Lakes is a coastal lagoons system located at southeast of Victoria in Australia, approximately 200 kilometers east Melbourne and are key for commercial, tourist and recreational activities. The Lakes act as a source of commercial seafood, including fish, crustaceans and shellfish, as well as providing general recreational fishing. Considerable modifications h ave occurred on the Lakes catchments since European settlement with fisheries and agricultural development, including the establishment of a permanently open Bass Straight entrance in 1889. This environment, once freshwater lake, is currently a more saline and high nutrient expanse, and cyanobacterial (the blue-green algal) blooms are now becoming a normal occurrence. Ever since 1985, there have existed 7 non-cyanobacterial blooms noted in the Lakes (commonly dinoflagellates or diatoms), and 12 cyanobacterial blooms (Kaarina Sivonen, 1999, p. 4). Nodularia spumigenna is the most common cyanobacterium to bloom, with periodic Microcystis aeruginosa and Anabaena circinalis blooms (Anon., n.d., p. 169) So as to provide guidance and to delineate acceptable levels of Cylindrospermopsin in seafood in Victoria, the Victorian Health Department convened a scientific advisory professional to perform a risk assessment regarding recreational and commercial seafood safety in the Victoria Gippslan d Lakes (Kankaanpaa, 2005, p. 3). The seafood of concern was fish, mussels and prawns from these lakes. Cylindrospermopsin was among the toxins detected in the risk assessment, others being saxitoxins, microcystins, nodularin - all of which are found in Australian aquatic surroundings and are distributed global (Moreira, et al., 2012, p. 3). Cyanobacterial blooms largely depend on water temperature and nutrient availability,

Evidence based practice with young people who sexually offend Essay

Evidence based practice with young people who sexually offend - Essay Example t for a crime, a mere intention is not enough, or even if there is a crime as well as an intention to it, it still does not fall under the category of crime if it hurts and offends someone in personal. (Danziger, pp. 34-37, 2002) Any wrongful act is a crime only when it is done with an intention as well as the act of wrongdoing affects the public. Such a definition was limited to only adult and grown-up members of the human society until few decades ago; however, a new term of juvenile or adolescent offenders came into being after a number of cases reported in which, youngsters below 18 years of age were involved in criminal activities, such as theft, burglary, rape, harassment, etc. In specific, when a juvenile in the age group of 13-17 commit any sexual offense, he/she is referred as adolescent sexual offender in the United Kingdom, and such is the case in a number of other countries around the globe. There can be innumerable reasons for sexual offenses flourishing in our society; however, experts have classified them into different broad umbrellas such as social circumstances, moral and ethical reasons, racial and lingual issue, environmental factors, religious differences, personality disorders, mental diseases, past experiences, family history and so on and so forth. (Bessant & Watts, pp. 33-41, 2007) Sometimes the reason is nothing but the personal choice of the criminal to adhere to sexual offenses. This paper deals with a thorough discussion of factors that are responsible for existence of such offensive activities in lives of youngsters. Crimes can be viewed as the result of adverse social circumstances. (Wolfgand & Johnston, pp. 56-63, 1962) Not every youngster chooses crime for his life’s long journey; however, sometimes, conditions are just too impossible to avoid for ordinary people, situations are inevitable to not to fall apart, not always the wrong doer is the criminal only, sometimes, it is the whole society to share the crime. Yes, crimes

Student Web Scavenger Hunt Essay Example for Free

Student Web Scavenger Hunt Essay Log on to the new University of Phoenix eCampus web page located at: https://ecampus.phoenix.edu/portal/portal/public/login.aspx. Explore the resources available on the site and use them to answer the following questions. ACADEMIC HELP 1.What are the six â€Å"Other Math Labs† available for study in the Center for Mathematics Excellence? (Hint: Click on the â€Å"Running Start Link.†) Self-Assessment Aleks Math Refresher Pre-Algebra Review Algebra 1 Algebra 2 Introduction to Statistics 2.Which three reviewing services are available to students through the Center for Writing Excellence? WritePoint takes 2 hours CWE Review takes 4 days Plagiarism Checker takes minutes 3.Which resource in the Tutorials Guides section of the Center for Writing Excellence â€Å"offers tips about how to format using APA style according to the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (5th edition)†? Samples APA Sample 4.What are the two required writing manuals for University of Phoenix students? APA Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association Gregg Reference Manual UNIVERSITY LIBRARY 1.What are the three major article databases found in the University Library? EBSCO host Gale PowerSearch Pro Quest 2.Name three specialized article databases in the University Library. ACM Digital Library American Health Line Bio-Med Central 3.What link would you click to ask a question of the University of Phoenix Librarian? Under University Library, look on the left side under other resources, and then click on Ask a librarian COURSE INFORMATION 1.From your student Web site, how do you access your reading assignments for this course? Open Resource, Click on which week Go to Classroom Go to Materials Scroll down to the readings Click on which reading you need Click either read book online or Click download eBook 2.What chapter from the text Keys to College Studying is part of the reading assignment for Week Two of this course? Keys to College Studying is not our textbook. Chapter 1 of our textbook talks about modes of learning, multiple intelligences, and learning styles. Chapter 9 talks about diversity. 3.Where on your student Web site will you be able to find your schedule and course grades? Go to Schedules and Grades or Under Home tab, go to Quick links on the left side, then go to schedules and grades LEARNING TEAMS 1.What six documents are contained in the â€Å"Toolkit Essentials† section of the Learning Team Toolkit? Learning Team Handbook Online Campus Learning Team Handbook Guide to Completing the University of Phoenix Learning Team Charter Learning Team Log Learning Team Evaluation Learning Team Charter 2.According to the Learning Team Toolkit section, â€Å"Why Learning Teams?† what are the four essential functions filled by Learning Teams that are especially beneficial to working adult learners? Create collaborative learning environments in which working adults can share the practical knowledge that comes from their life and work experience. Improve the quality of shared projects and assignments. Serve as vehicles for the kind of shared reflection through which adult students make sense of and apply new knowledge. Provide a sense of community and support that is invaluable in helping working adults cope with the challenge of balancing school with other life demands STUDENT SERVICES 1.What is the phone number for University of Phoenix technical support? (Hint: Use the â€Å"Help† button in the top right corner of the page.) 877-832-4867 2.Where can you find information about who to contact for questions regarding student disabilities? Under the Program tab Under Services University ADA Policy or Student Disability Handbook 3.What three National Testing Programs does the University of Phoenix award credit for? College Level Examination Program (CLEP) Defense Activities for Non-Traditional Education Support (DANTES) Excelsior College Examinations 4.Name one form of misconduct in the Student Code of Conduct. (Hint: Click on Publications Student Catalog) Actions, oral statements, and written statements which threaten or violate the personal safety of any member of the faculty, staff, or other students.

Suitability of leadership styles to implementing changes

Suitability of leadership styles to implementing changes Leadership styles are the main subject of this chapter. First will be looked at what leadership is, thereafter the differences between managers and leaders are mentioned in short. Then, different leadership styles are described and the characteristics of an effective leader are given. Finally, the relation between leadership and changes in the organization as a result of organic growth are discussed and the most suitable type of leadership to implement these changes are given. What is leadership Leadership is a widely studied phenomena in the scientific literature but it is hard to give a consistent and comprehensive definition of it. This is, according to Grint (2004), due to lack of agreement on four problems which are related to leadership; (1) the process problem is leadership derived from the personal qualities, or is it social process? (2) the position problem has the leader formally allocated authority, or leads he with informal influence? (3) the philosophy problem are actions determined by context and situation, or by intentional influence? (4) the purity problem is leadership an individuals, or a group phenomenon? In the same year of Grints research publication, Northouse also reviewed his theory about leadership. He stated that leadership is a process and involves influence, occurs in a group and involves goal attainment. However, an universal definition of what is meant by organizational leadership is commonly stated as the ability of an individual to influence, motivate, and enable others to contribute toward the effectiveness and success of the organizations of which they are members. In short, leadership is a combination of the leaders traits, the behaviour of the leader, and the situation in which the leader exist. This means that leadership could be different in every situation. Differences manager and leader In many management books and scientific articles the terms manager and leader are used interchangeably which imply that these words have the same meaning. Because this is not correct and can lead to misconception, the main differences and comparisons between a manager and a leader, based on an article of Abraham Zaleznik (1977), are given in short in table 3.1Managers and leaders. Table 3.1 Managers and leaders Managers Leaders Attitudes toward goals Take an impersonal, passive outlook Goals arise out of necessities, not desires. Take a personal, active outlook. Shape rather than respond to ideas. Alter moods; evoke images, expectations. Change how people think about whats desirable and possible. Set company direction. Conceptions of work Negotiate and coerce. Balance opposing views. Design compromises. Limit choices. Avoid risk. Develop fresh approaches to problems. Increase options. Turn ideas into exciting images. Seek risk when opportunities appear promising. Relation with others Prefer working with people, but maintain minimal emotional involvement. Lack empathy. Focus on process, e.g., how decisions are made rather than what decisions to make. Communicate by sending ambiguous signals. Subordinates perceive them as inscrutable, detached, manipulative. Organization accumulates bureaucracy and political intrigue. Attracted to ideas. Relate to others directly, intuitively, empathetically. Focus on substance of events and decisions, including their meaning for participants. Subordinates describe them with emotionally rich adjectives; e.g., love, hate. Relations appear turbulent, intense, disorganized. Yet motivation intensifies, and unanticipated outcomes proliferate. Sense of self Comes from perpetuating and strengthening existing institutions. Feel part of the organization. Comes from struggles to profoundly alter human and economic relationships. Feel separate from the organization. Different leadership styles and effectiveness To achieve success, a leader needs an appropriate leadership style which fits within the whole organization. Therefore it is crucial to know which different leadership styles there are and which of them are most effective in certain circumstances. Although there are several studies about these topics, just some theories and styles will be explained in this section. The two most fundamentally different and common used leadership styles are transactional leadership and transformational leadership. Transactional leaders adjust their style to the existing organizational culture and operates within that framework. The structure is given in which their goals and needs have to be reached. This leaders implement only incremental changes. In contrast of that, transformational leaders have a clear vision of what have to be done, and the organization has to alter to reach this vision. So, the groups wants and needs and the organizations culture need to change. They lead trough implementing radical changes (Bass, 1990). Rooke and Torbert (2005) looked at another way to the topic of leadership. They argues that there are seven transformations of leadership, although seven ways of leading, which they called action logics. Each of the seven transformations is a leaders dominant way of thinking and leaders have the possibility to move through these categories. Out of their research of thousand leaders, they observed the next action logics showed in table 3.2 Seven ways of leading, with their characteristics, their strengths and the percentage of the sample that belongs to it. Table 3.2 Seven ways of leadingthis action logic Action logic Characteristics Strenghts % of research sample profiling at this action logic Opportunist Wins any way possible. Self-oriented; manipulative; might makes right. Good in emergencies and in sales opportunities. 5% Diplomat Avoids overt conflict. Wants to belong; obeys group norms; rarely rocks the boat. Good as supportive glue within an office; helps bring people together. 12% Expert Rules by logic and expertise. Seeks rational efficiency. Good as an individual contributor. 38% Achiever Meets strategic goals. Effectively achieves goals through teams; juggles managerial duties and market demands. Well suited to managerial roles; action and goal oriented. 30% Individualist Interweaves competing personal and company action logics. Creates unique structures to resolve gaps between strategy and performance. Effective in venture and consulting roles. 10% Strategist Generates organizational and personal transformations. Exercises the power of mutual inquiry, vigilance, and vulnerability for both the short and long term. Effective as a transformational leader. 4% Alchemist Generates social transformations. Integrates material, spiritual, and societal transformation. Good at leading society-wide transformations. 1% The managerial implications of these findings is that the Opportunist, Diplomats, and Experts are associated with below average corporate performance. The Achievers are associated with effective implementing of organizational strategies, but only the Individualist, Strategists, and Alchemist (which accounted for 15% of the sample) have the capacity to innovate and to transform organizations in a successfully way. Because there is no single style that is effective in all situations, Flamholtz created his Leadership Effectiveness framework whereby the situation determines which style of leadership will be most effective. According to Flamholtz, leadership effectiveness is dependent on leadership tasks, situational factors, leadership styles and the combination of the style-situation fit. An overview of Flamholtz Leadership Effectiveness framework can be seen in figure 3.1 The Flamholtz leadership effectiveness framework. Figure 3.1 The Flamholtz leadership effectiveness framework Leadership Effectiveness Leadership tasks Work Orientation People Orientation Situational factors Organization Work to be done People doing the work Leadership styles Directive Interactive Nondirective Style-Situation Fit The leadership tasks consist of work orientation and people orientation. Work orientation, which means that the work has to be done, is related to goal emphasis and task facilitation. People orientation gives care to the needs of the people doing the work, and is related to personnel development, interaction facilitation and supportive behaviour. The situational factors can be divided into the degree of task programmability, which is the extent to a work task can be specified prior its execution, and the potential for job autonomy, which is the extent to someone can work without supervision. Each leadership category in Flamholtz framework pertains two leadership styles. Autocratic and benevolent autocratic belong to the directive category. This styles declares what is to be done respectively without, and with an explanation. Consultative and participative belong to the interactive style. A leader with such a style respectively gets opinions before deciding on the plan presented, or first formulates alternatives with a group and then decides. The last two styles, consensus and laissez-fair, belongs to the nondirective category. By the consensus style has every member of the group an equal voice in making decisions, the laissez-faire style leaves it up to the group to decide what to do. Overall, to achieve a high level of effectiveness a leader has to find a balance in emphasizing the work and people orientations of leadership tasks

The Woods Essay -- essays research papers

Jack was steaming mad. He had just had yet another fight with his mom about wasting food and was heading to the old tree house in the woods. They were always fighting about wasting food. He saw where she was coming from. They were pretty tight on cash, but if she was so intent on not wasting food why didn't she eat it. He was sitting at the foot of the abandoned tree house, drawing a dragon in the sand, when he suddenly felt the overwhelming need to go deeper into the woods. He knew he shouldn’t go. There were dangerous animals like wolves and bears in the woods, but he had to. Some hidden force was calling to him. He had to go regardless of the dangers. The force was too strong. Resistance was futile. He got up and went. He went deeper and deeper into the woods. Crossing over bridges and going through thick bundles of trees and bushes. He kept going until he came upon an old house. The house looked abandoned, but it couldn't have been. There was smoke coming out of the chimney. It was almost nighttime and he was very thirsty. Maybe the person inside would be nice enough to give him some water and let him stay the night, but then again maybe they would be a psychotic serial killer on the run from the cops. He went up to the door and knocked anyway. The door creaked open to reveal an old man sitting in a rocking chair by a fireplace. Above the fire was a black cauldron. He didn't seem to notice that Jack had entered. The old man just sat there rocking back and forth. Jack cleared his throat to sort of announce his presence. The old man turned around and told Jack to come in and sit down. He went over and sat in a chair also near the fire. They both sat in silence for a while. Then the old man took a bright blue stone out of the cauldron. He took a piece of cloth out of his pocket and wrapped it around the stone. He told Jack to take it, that it would keep him saf e on his quest as he gave it to him. Jack asked him what quest he was talking about and that he wasn't on a quest. The old man told him he was and to go, there was much to be done before the morning. Jack figured that he was no longer welcome in the house and left. He was going to go home but couldn't remember which way he came from. He looked around for a little then decided he would go towards the setting sun. He walked for a very long time thinking he might be going the wrong way because he d... ...m until he reached the top just incase it happened again. He said he would be very grateful if they did. He climbed the rest of the way to the top without incident. He thanked the fairies and they went back down leaving him to find his way back alone. He found his way to the tree house after many hours of being lost in the woods. He figured it was about noon and decided to go back to his house after he left the dagger at the tree house but brought the water with him. He went back to his home and his mother was so happy to see him. He asked her where his dad was and she told him sadly that he was sick in bed and that he had been very sick for the past two days. Jack went in, his mother followed him and stood in the doorway. He gave his dad the special water and told him he should be better soon. His dad asked him what it was and he told him not to worry about that and to just get better. His mom then asked him where he got it and he said she wouldn’t believe him if he told her. Jack was home and his mother treated him better than she did before he left. His dad had gotten better and so had his life. Jack was now thankful for what he had rather that sorry for what he didn't have.

Martin Luther and the Protestant Reformation Essay -- essays research

During the Renaissance, technology became more advanced and more available to the common public. The printing press was invented during this time. This invention made it possible for books to be published, not hand written. Ideas of the Renaissance were spread in some of these books and common people could own a copy of the bible. The weakening of the Roman Catholic Church, brought about by the Protestant Reformation, changed the way people felt about the church and its importance in their life. Then, because the church was not so dominating, people felt free to learn about new lands. During this time, technology became more advanced. Martin Luther started the Reformation against the Catholic Church. Martin Luther was German theologian and religious reformer, who started the Protestant Reformation and biblical scholar and linguist whose Ninety-five These, an attack on various ecclesiastical abuses, precipitated the Protestant Reformation. Basically, he realized that everyone is burdened by sin because it happens as a result of our weaknesses. He concluded that man could never earn ...

School: Law and Renewable Energy Technologies

SUGGESTED ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY THESIS STATEMENTS POWER AND THE INDIVIDUAL/SOCIETY 1- Same sex marriages should be legalized. 2- Same sex marriages should not be legalized. 3- The production and sale of cigarettes should be illegal. 4- The production and sale of cigarettes should not be illegal. 5- Military service should be compulsory. 6- Military service should not be compulsory. POWER AND NATIONS 1- Religion is the main cause of wars. 2- Religion does not cause wars. 3- Turkey should ban trade with China. 4- Turkey should not ban trade with China. – The most powerful nation on Earth is __________. POWER AND LAW ENFORCEMENT 1- Gambling should be legalized. 2- Gambling should not be legalized. 3- Juvenile offenders should be tried and punished as adults. 4- Juvenile offenders should not be tried and punished as adults. 5- Law enforcement cameras are an invasion of privacy. 6- Law enforcement cameras are not an invasion of privacy. 7- Convicted sex offenders should be exposed. 8 - Convicted sex offenders should not be exposed. 9- Sex offenders should be castrated. 10- Sex offenders should not be castrated. 1- Intellectual property should be protected under the law. 12- Intellectual property should not be protected under the law. 13- Current intellectual property rights laws negatively impact the development of new technologies. POWER AND THE MEDIA 1- The Turkish media is biased. 2- The Turkish media is not biased. 3- File sharing programs should be banned. 4- File sharing programs should not be banned. 5- Social networking sites are a threat to personal privacy. 6- Social networking sites are not a threat to personal privacy. 7- The government should censor Internet content that is deemed inappropriate. – The government should not censor Internet content. 9- Advertisements are informative. 10- Advertisements are manipulative. 11- Censorship is a threat to democracy. 12- Censorship is a must. POWER AND THE ENVIRONMENT 1- Recycling should be mandatory. 2- Recycling should not be mandatory. 3- Governments should mandate the shift to biofuels. 4- Governments should not mandate the shift to biofuels. 5- Pesticides should be used in agriculture. 6- Pesticides should not be used in agriculture. 7- Governments should support sustainable agriculture. – Governments should not support sustainable agriculture. 9- Renewable energy technologies (wind energy, hydroelectricity, biomass, and solar power) should be stimulated by governments. 10- Renewable energy technologies (wind energy, hydroelectricity, biomass, and solar power) should not be stimulated by governments. POWER AND EDUCATION 1- Creationism/ evolution should be taught in schools. 2- Creationism/evolution should not be taught in schools. 3- Religious education should be mandatory. 4- Religious education should be optional. 5- Foreign language instruction should begin in kindergarten. – Foreign language instruction should not begin in kindergarten. 7- Sex education sh ould be included in the secondary education curriculum. 8- Sex education should not be included in the secondary education curriculum. 9- Homeschooling is a better option to public schools. 10- Public schools are a better option to homeschooling. 11- School uniforms should be mandatory. 12- School uniforms should not be mandatory. The following topics are banned!!! nuclear power plants globalization global warming animal testing death penalty euthanasia internet addiction genetically modified organisms [pic]

Dickinson Comparison Poem 112 and 479 Essay

Emily Dickinson is known as one of the most unique and influential poets of all time. Many of her poems are recognized for their deep meanings and dark tones. She often wrote about unconventional themes of death and immortality. Less than a dozen of her eighteen hundred poems were published while she was alive. Today, Dickinson is known as one of the greatest American poets for her eccentric and truth seeking pieces of literature. In Emily Dickinson’s poem 112 she discusses what success feels like depending on your position in life. She expresses how those who are victorious do not see their success or appreciate it. Meanwhile, those who have never achieved success before, truly understand the meaning of real accomplishment. Dickinson talks about Nectar, which is considered by the Greeks and Romans to be the drink that gives them immortality. Once again, she focuses on death and the idea of never dieing. Dickinson goes on to discuss the â€Å"purple host† or soldiers in the Army and how even though they successful captured their opponents flag, they still could not tell her the true meaning of victory. In contrast, the soldiers who had just been defeated lay down, listening to the â€Å"distance strains of triumph† (Dickinson, 2008, p. 1201) from their opponents, they were able acknowledge the meaning of true success. It’s often been said that we cannot fully appreciate success with out first experiencing failure. I think this poem is Emily Dickinson’s way to expressing to the world the significance of success. In her poem 479, Emily Dickinson personifies death and takes the reader on a journey to eternity. The first stanza, â€Å"Because I could not stop for Death – He kindly stopped for me.† (Dickinson, 2008, p. 1214-1215) Dickinson refers to death as a horseman driving a carriage to take her away to die. She then goes on to explain he’s driving very slow as she carefully tries to make peace with her life’s work. Dickinson describes the children and fields of grains she sees as the sun set, symbolizing her life is coming to an end. Emily Dickinson begins to feel cold as she travels towards eternity and her ‘House’ in the ground or grave. She ends the poem very bizarre by saying â€Å"tis, Centuries† (Dickinson, 2008, p. 1214-1215) since she last died, but then says it seems like less than a day since she was taken to eternity. This strange ending leaves the reader wondering about the soul of Emily Dickinson and the truth behind her life and death experiences. In both poem 112 and 479, Dickinson extends her knowledge of life, death, and immortality. I think poem 112 is a very ironic piece of work for her. The poem discusses success and how it is only appreciated after failure. Emily Dickinson was an amazing poet, but didn’t achieve success until after her death. I can’t help but feel she somehow knew her work would not be appreciated until she was gone. Why do you think Emily Dickinson was so plagued by death in her poems? Did she achieve immortality?

Simple Harmonic Motion Dominic Stone Lab Partner

Experiment 1: Simple Harmonic Motion Dominic Stone Lab Partner: Andrew Lugliani January 9, 2012 Physics 132 Lab Section 13 Theory For this experiment we investigated and learned about simple harmonic motion. To do this we hung and measured different masses on a spring-mass system to calculate the force constant k. Simple harmonic motion is a special type of periodic motion. It is best described as an oscillation motion that causes an object to move back-and-forth in response to a restoring force given by Hooke’s Law: 1) F=-kx Where k is the force constant.Then using two different procedures, we calculate the value of the force constant k of a spring in our oscillating system. We observed the period of oscillation and use this formula: 2) T=2(m/k) Then we reduced the equation to solve for the value of k by: 3) k=4^2/slope â€Å"Slope† represents the slope of the graph in procedure B. k is then the measure of the stiffness of the spring. We can then compare k to that of a vertically stretched spring with various masses M. By using the following equation: 4) Mg=kx Where x is the distance of the stretch in the spring.To find the value of the constant k we take the data from procedure A and graph it. Using this graph, we use equation: 5) k=g/slope We can compare the two values of the constant k. Both values should be exact since we used the same spring in both procedures. Here simple harmonic motion is used to calculate the restoring force of the spring-mass system. Procedure Part A: First, we set up the experiment by suspending the spring from the support mount and measured the distance from the lower end of the spring to the floor.After, we hung 100 grams from the spring and measured the new distance created from the stretch of the spring. We then repeated this step for masses 200 to 1000 grams, by increasing the weight by 200 grams each time. Then we took this data and plotted them on a graph with suspended weight Mg versus elongation x. After plott ing this data we were then able to evaluate the force constant k from the slope of the graph. Part B: First, we suspend 100 grams from the spring and let it lay at rest.When the spring was naturally set in its equilibrium position, we slightly pulled down the weight and recorded the time it took for the weight to complete 10 oscillations and calculated the average period of each oscillation. We then repeated this process for masses 100 to 1000 grams by increasing the weight by 100 grams each time. After we completed this process we plotted a graph of T^2 verses suspended mass m with the data. When then found the intercept at T^2=0 to see how it would compare with the value of negative one-third the mass of the spring.We then also determined the spring constant k by calculating the slope of the graph and compared it with the spring constant k in part B. Data Part A: Mg(Kg/s^2)| X(m)| 1. 96| 0. 39| 3. 92| 0. 63| 5. 88| 0. 86| 7. 84| 1. 11| 9. 8| 1. 36| Part B: M(Kg)| T (s)| T(s)| T^2( s^2)| 0. 1| 8. 24| 0. 824| 0. 679| 0. 2| 9. 87| 0. 987| 0. 974| 0. 3| 12. 74| 1. 274| 1. 623| 0. 4| 14. 57| 1. 457| 2. 123| 0. 5| 16. 23| 1. 623| 2. 634| 0. 6| 17. 49| 1. 749| 3. 059| 0. 7| 19. 21| 1. 921| 3. 69| 0. 8| 20. 26| 2. 026| 4. 105| 0. 9| 21. 69| 2. 169| 4. 705| 1| 22. 89| 2. 289| 5. 24| Data Analysis

Topic: the United States Home Front During World War Ii

Topic: The United States Home Front During World War II Essential Question: â€Å"How important was the home front to the United States’ victory in World War II? National Standard for United States History: Era 8, Standard 3 The origins and course of World War II, the character of the war at home and abroad, and its reshaping of the United States role on world affairs. Instructional Objectives:Students will be able to: 1. Explain and evaluate extensive economic and military mobilization on the home front by the United States during World War II and its impact of the success of the war effort. 2. Explain how the whole country, across all economic and social levels, was involved in a unified effort to produce the goods of war and of the common sacrifice made by every citizen through rationing, victory gardens, bond drives, etc. 3. Analyze and assess the effects of World War II on culture, family, gender roles, and technology in American society.Background Description/Historic al Significance: Although there were no military battles fought on the mainland of the United States, World War II had a profound effect on the nation as the Federal government mobilized its economic, financial, and human resources to defeat Axis aggression. This war returned the nation to economic prosperity after a decade of dismal depression, promoted the growth of big business, and enhanced a close relationship between industry and the military.Politically, the power of the presidency and influence of the Federal government increased, and socially and economically, the war, through common sacrifice made by all, became a vehicle for improving the status of Americans. In short, the war became a catalyst for significant economic and social change whose impact extended well-beyond its duration. For example, before the war women had traditionally played a secondary role in the job market and men had dominated the industrial job sector.However, with millions of men being drafted or jo ining the military, women were needed to man the factories and supply centers producing goods for the war. (Over 400,000 women also served in the military during World War II. ) They also had traditionally faced job discrimination and lower pay levels, but some of these inequities began to fade as they took on more and more responsibility in factories and production centers. Posters extolling â€Å"Rosie the Riveter† were printed, recognizing the need and importance of recruiting women for the work force.Between 1941 and 1944, the number of women working outside the home rose by 5,000,000. By 1944, 72% of the female workforce were married women and their average age was over thirty-five. The war could not have been won without them. The war also began to create a more level playing field for minorities who had traditionally faced discrimination. All Americans were needed in the war effort and so black American, Hispanic Americans, and Japanese Americans (where in California w hole families had been sent to military detention camps), were being drafted and joining the military.In the case of African and Japanese Americans, separate and segregated military units were created†¦ yet, they fought on the same battlefields with their fellow citizens. Changes also occurred on the home front. Factory workers were needed in the industrial north, and a migration of black workers to northern factories began and would continue until many years after the war had ended. What happened in the country during this time was really remarkable.America’s entry into the war had brought the Nation together, united in a common and just cause, like at no other time in its history. The sacrifice being made by families and citizens was equally and fully shared. At the same time, social change was occurring which would carry over into the post-war years and ultimately result in more equal rights for everyone. What was happening on war front was linked to the home front. T he combination would result at war’s end with America emerging as the world’s pre-eminent economic super power.Instructional Activities and Primary Source/Document Excerpts: The following document excerpts, photographs, and posters can be selected, read, discussed, analyzed, and assessed by students, either individually for subsequent general class discussion, in a pair-and-share format, or in small groups with a cooperative learning activity. At the discretion of the teacher, document excerpts, photographs, and posters could grouped at designated â€Å"stations† in the classroom, and small groups of students could rotate from station to station during the instructional period.As the groups of students examine, explain, and evaluate the pictures and texts of the following selected documents, they will begin to ascertain and assess the pivotal role that the American home front played in the Allied victory in World War II. The teacher can select (as a menu) which of the following photographs, posters, and document excerpts are most appropriate for the instructional needs of their students on this historical topic. Following these photographs, posters, and document excerpts there is a menu of thought-provoking questions to stimulate student discussion and interaction.As a discussion prompt for either small group or whole class discussion, the teacher can present the following adage to the students: â€Å"If ‘every picture tells a story,’ describe what story about the American home front in World War II is being told by the following photographs and posters. † The photographs and posters of women and African Americans during World War II have been selected from the following websites:www. womenshistory. about. com and www. archives. gov/research/african-americans/ww2 [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] Document â€Å"A†: Whereas it is the policy of the United States to encourage full par ticipation in the national defense program by all citizens of the United States, regardless of race, creed, color, or national origin, in the firm belief that the democratic way of life within the Nation can be defended successfully only with the help and support of all groups within its borders, and Whereas there is evidence that available and needed workers have been barred from employment in industries engaged in defense production solely because of considerations of race, creed, color, or national origin, to the detriment workers’ morale and of national unity: Now, therefore, . . .I do hereby reaffirm the policy of the United States that there shall be no discrimination in the employment of workers in defense industries or government because of race, creed, color, or national origin, and I do hereby declare that it is the duty of employers and of labor organizations . . . to provide for the full and equitable participation of all workers in defense industries, without dis crimination because of race, creed, color, or national origin. . . . All contracting agencies of the Government of the United States shall include in all defense contracts hereafter negotiated by them a provision obligating the contractor not to discriminate against any worker because of race, creed, color, or national origin. † —– Executive Order 8802, June 25, 1941 by President Franklin Roosevelt Document â€Å"B†: It is the policy of the Government of the United States to encourage full participation in the National Defense program by all citizens, regardless of race, creed, color, or national origin in the firm belief that the democratic way of life within the nation can be defended successfully only with the help and support of all groups within its borders. The policy was stated in my Executive Order signed on June 25, 1941. The order instructed all parties making contracts with the Government of the United States to include in all defense contracts thereafter a provision obligating the contractor not to discriminate against any worker because of race, creed, color, or national origin. Questions of race, creed, and color have no place in determining who are to man our ships.The sole qualification for a worker in the maritime industry, as well as any other industry, should be his loyalty and his professional or technical ability and training. † —– Letter from President Franklin Roosevelt to Mr. Joseph Curran, President of the National Maritime Union, January 14, 1942 Document â€Å"C†: â€Å"I welded . . . lying on the floor while another welder spattered sparks from the ceiling and chippers like giant woodpeckers shattered our eardrums. I . . . have sat at a bench welding flat and vertical plates. . . I did overhead welding, horizontal, flat, vertical. . . I made some good welds. . . I had a good taste of summer today, and I am convinced that it is going to take backbone for welders to stick to their jobs through the summer months.It is harder on them than on any other of the workers—their leathers are so hot and heavy, they get more of the fumes, and their hoods become instruments of torture. There were times today when I’d have to stop in the middle of a tack and push my hood back just to get a breath of fresh air. It grows unbearably hot under the hood, my glasses fog and blur my vision, and the only thing to do is to stop. . . . Yet, the job confirmed my strong conviction. . . [that] what exhausts the woman welder is not the work, nor the heat, nor the demands upon physical strength. It is the apprehension that arises from inadequate skill and consequent lack of confidence, and this can be overcome by the right kind of training. I’ve mastered tacking now, so that doesn’t bother me.I know that I can do it if my machine is correctly set, and I have learned enough of the [ways] of machines to be able to set them. And so, in spite of the discomforts of climbing, heavy equipment, and heat, I enjoyed the work today because I could do it. † —– Augusta Clawson, a female welder in a shipyard, quoted from Augusta Clawson, Ship Diary of a Woman Welder (New York: Penguin, 1944). Document â€Å"D†: In the figure below the development of the United States labor force by gender during the war years. |Year |Total labor force (*1000) |of which Male (*1000) |of which Female (*1000) |Female share of total (%) | |1940 |56,100 |41,940 |14,160 |25. | |1941 |57,720 |43,070 |14,650 |25. 4 | |1942 |60,330 |44,200 |16,120 |26. 7 | |1943 |64,780 |45,950 |18,830 |29. 1 | |1944 |66,320 |46,930 |19,390 |29. 2 | |1945 |66,210 |46,910 |19,304 |29. | |1946 |60,520 |43,690 |16,840 |27. 8 | Source: Bureau of the Census, Historical Statistics of the United States (1976), Chapter D, Labor Series D 29-41. Document â€Å"E†: â€Å"It is nearly five months since we were attacked at Pearl Harbor. . . . Since then we have dispatch ed strong forces of our Army and Navy, several hundred thousand of them, to bases and battlefronts thousands of miles from home. We have stepped up our war production on a scale that is testing our industrial power, and our engineering genius and our economic structure to the utmost. . . . This is a tough job—and a long one. . . To build the factories, to buy the materials, to pay the labor, to provide the transportation, to equip and feed and house the soldiers, sailors and marines, and to do all the thousands of things necessary in a war—all cost a lot of money, more money than has ever been spent by any nation at any time in the long history of the world. We are now spending, solely for war purposes the sum of about one hundred million dollars every day in the week. . . . All of this money has to be spent. . . if we are to produce within the time now available the enormous quantities of weapons of war which we need. . . . All of us are used to spending money for thi ngs that we want, things which are not absolutely essential.We will all have to forego that kind of spending. Because we must put every dime and every dollar we can possibly spare out of our earnings into War Bonds and Stamps. Because the demands of the war effort require the rationing of goods of which there is not enough to go around. Because the stopping of purchases of non-essentials will release thousands of workers who are needed in the war effort. . . . I know the American farmer, the American workman, and the American businessman. I know that they will gladly embrace the economy and equality of sacrifice, satisfied that it is necessary for the most vial and compelling motive in all their lives—winning through to victory. . . As we here at home contemplate our own duties, our own responsibilities, let us think. . . hard of the example which is being set by our fighting men. . . . They are the United States of America. That is why they fight. We too are the United State s of America. That is why we must work and sacrifice. It is for them. It is for us. It is for victory. † —– President Franklin Roosevelt, Fireside Radio Chat, April 28, 1942 Document F â€Å"In late May 1940, with the fall of France imminent, [President] Roosevelt requested huge funds for the development of military and naval requirements. On December 20, 1940, he established the Office of Production Management with industrial leader William S. Knudsen as Director†¦.On December 29, 1940, in a fireside chat on the radio, he called for a national production effort that would make the United States the world’s â€Å"arsenal of democracy†. [After the attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941,] at the beginning of 1942 Roosevelt announced a compulsory production program: ‘Let no one say that this cannot be done, and we are committed to doing it. ’ He issued a clarion call for 60,000 planes, 45,000 tanks, 20,000 antiaircraft guns, 500, 000 machine guns, and 8 million tons of merchant shipping in one year†¦. The entire world was amazed by the pace of American production. By 1943, the production schedule was increased to 125,000 planes, 75,000 tanks, 35,000 antiaircraft guns, and 10 million tons of merchant shipping†¦.During the course of the war the productive capacity of the United States gave the allied coalition more than half its armaments, 35% of those used against Nazi Germany, and 86% of those employed against Japan. While providing the United Kingdom, the British Commonwealth, the Soviet Union, and Nationalist China with arms and loans, the United States at the same time doubled its industrial output. † Louis L. Snyder’s Historical Guide to World War II Greenwood Press: Westport, Conn: Louis Snyder: 1982 Sample Thought-provoking Questions To Develop Student Group or Whole-Class Discussion: 1. If the adage, â€Å"Every picture tells a story,† is applied to each of the above-list ed photographs and posters, how did World War II affect the lives of women and African Americans? † 2.How did World War II affect American family life? 3. Explain the meaning of President Roosevelt’s Executive Order 8802, and how did this Executive Order affect African Americans? 4. To what extent did Executive Order 8802 lay the foundation for the upcoming civil rights movement in the years after World War II? 5. Describe the experiences of women who worked in factors during World War II. (Example: female welders). Why was it important for woman to work in factories during World War II? 6. How did the contributions of women on the home front contribute to the American victory in World War II? 7. How did World War II serve as a catalyst for social change in American society? Prior to discussing Question 8 provide a brief overview and background as to the role of A. Philip Randolph, the most important African American labor leader of the time, and how he threatened to or ganize a March on Washington if the Defense Industries were not desegregated. 8. Explain the meaning and significance of the following quotation and slogan of A. Philip Randolph, President of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, in 1941, in proposing a massive March on Washington: â€Å"WE LOYAL NEGRO AMERICAN CITIZENS DEMAND THE RIGHT TO WORK AND FIGHT FOR OUR COUNTRY. † Why did Randolph cancel the march after President Roosevelt issued Executive Order 8802?Do you think that Randolph made the right decision? Explain your viewpoint. 9. How did World War II end the Great Depression and return the United States to economic prosperity? 10. Why did President Roosevelt describe the United States as an â€Å"arsenal of democracy? † Summary: The teacher can refer the students back to the â€Å"essential question† which was posed at the start of the lesson: â€Å"How important was the home front to the United States’ victory in World War II? † The stud ents are directed to respond and take a position (develop a viewpoint) on this historical issue concerning the pivotal role that the home front played in the victory of the United State in World War II.At the teacher’s discretion, the pupils’ responses can be presented orally as closure to small group and/or whole-class discussion, or in written form, such as a response to an essay prompt or a journal entry into a â€Å"learning log† to bring effective closure to the lesson. Thus, as a circular approach to teaching and learning, the lesson was â€Å"opened† with a thought-provoking â€Å"essential question† as its primary learning objective at the start of the instructional period, developed through an examination, explanation, and evaluation of primary source document excerpts through group work, cooperative learning, pair-and-share, etc. , and closed with a critical assessment through the lens of the lesson’s evaluative â€Å"essential qu estion. †Application (â€Å"Transfer Task†): Students can compare the pivotal role and significant impact of the American home front to military victory in World War II to the role and impact of the American home front today as the as the United States fights wars against terrorism and to promote democracy in Iraq and Afghanistan. Students can also compare the roles of women and African Americans in the armed services today with the roles and opportunities that were presented to them during World War II. World War II at the Memorial: [pic] 1. Study the images of sculptor Ray Kaskey’s bas-relief panel that depict the following: †¢ Lend-Lease/War Declared †¢ News of Pearl Harbor Men and Women at Work/Aircraft Construction †¢ Agriculture †¢ West Coast Shipbuilding †¢ War bond Parade 2. How does Kaskey’s relief panel capture the essence of the heroism of the men and women who worked on the home front in factories and on farms to secure Allied victory? Do you think Kaskey’s panels reflects what you learned in this lesson? If, so explain how. 3. Study images of the two types of ornamental wreaths used around the memorial on the fifty six pillars. The oak leaves represent American industrial strength and the wheat sheaves represent America’s agricultural ability to feed the world. Why do you think Kaskey chose these particular metaphors for the home front? 4.Examine the image of the pillars of states and territories. Notice that they are all connected by ropes. What does this tell you about the memorial’s design based on what you have learned in this lesson? What does this design tell you about the nation and the American people from 1941-1945. 5. Read the memorial inscription by Colonel Oveta Culp Hobby. (marker stone on northeast side of the plaza, south face). How is what you have learned in this lesson reflected in Hobby’s quote? [pic] 6. Read the memorial inscription by President Fra nklin Roosevelt (marker stone on northeast side of the plaza, west face). How is what you have learned in this lesson reflected in Roosevelt’s quote? [pic]Image 1: Pacific Victory Arch and State and Territory Pillars [pic] Image 2: Atlantic Victory Arch and State and Territory Pillars [pic] Image 3: Bas-relief panel â€Å"Lend-Lease/War Declared† [pic] Image 4: Bas-relief Panel â€Å"News of Pearl Harbor† [pic] Image 5: Bas-relief panel, â€Å"Men and Women at Work/Aircraft Construction† [pic] Image 6: Agriculture [pic] Image 7: Bas-relief panel â€Å"West Coast Shipbuilding† [pic] Image 8: Bas-relief panel â€Å"War Bond Parade† [pic] The Friends of the National World War II Memorial would like to thank the generous support of the AT&T Foundation, General  Motors Foundation and USAA as major sponsors of our education program who helped make these lesson plans possible.