Public Safety And Foster Positive Youth - 1454 Words

INTRODUCTION In today’s society, the purpose of the juvenile justice system is to â€Å"attend to public safety and foster positive youth outcomes that are fair and equitable† (Juvenile Justice System, 2015). With that being said, as a group, we believe there can be necessary changes that can improve the system. We believe in the same approach of the juvenile justice system. The changes we would like to make are minor but are more effective for our youth. Our system is called From Flaws to Perfection because most youths have small flaws that can easily be fixed with the right help from the justice system. Our system started back in August 2013 but will not be available to our youth and parents until January 2016. We will introduce how our†¦show more content†¦To be qualified for employment in our system you have to at least a Bachelors degree with the corresponding job that you would like to apply. The flow chart of authority starts from dean, supervisor, manag er, and counselor. They are other positions available as well. The equipment and other miscellaneous things have been donated from companies all around our community, so we have been able to stay within our budget and open up other locations. FLAWS The purpose of writing this paper is to inform readers on juvenile delinquents and their abilities to make good decisions. Currently the age to sentence a minor to adult prison is 18 years of age. The current age to purchase alcohol is 21, The idea that a man turns into a full grown-up at age 21 goes back hundreds of years in English regular law; 21 was the age at which a man could, in addition to other things, vote and turn into a knight. Since a man was an official grown-up at age 21, it appeared well that they could drink then, as well. As stated earlier a man was considered an adult at age 21, so when we look at the juvenile justice system a juvenile is anyone under the age of 18. Under most laws, young people are recognized as adults at age 18. However, emerging science about brain development suggests that most people do not reach full maturity until the age 21. Why charge a minor as an adult at the age of 18 when they

The Computer Industry - 1068 Words

Based on these numbers one can assume that consumer demand was initially exceeded by Windows 95. However, Microsoft headed by Bill Gates was not satisfied and they had experienced success and they wanted a lot more of it. One man, also in the computer industry, had some say in this pursuit of ultimate success. This man, Steve Jobs, was the mastermind of the computer giant Apple. Both had no intention of giving in and losing the industry race. Many people picked their side of the battle by choosing what computer they enjoyed more and were unbelievably loyal to that side throughout the generations. Loyalty ran so deep people started to trash talk about the other side like Vic Sussman, an American newspaper and radio journalist. She†¦show more content†¦Evaluating this twenty year change is one of the tougher things to do, because this time was jam-packed with many upsides but just as many downsides. The general public of Windows users has responded well to this total m akeover of Microsoft Windows. A select few may say they strongly disliked the new and improved Windows, probably Apple backers, but that does not speak for the majority of the public. This new operating system dramatically changed the productivity of Windows. It was a positive change in productivity that allows for optimal use of the computer at all time. The new features added to Windows 10 have made the Windows experience more enjoyable. The Microsoft Windows users really enjoy the new feature of applications. It makes the it feel as if you are using a phone instead of computer. Were all of these new features worth it? This is a major question that I m sure Bill Gates asks himself everyday. The cost to make all of these necessary changes was sky-high, more than likely forcing the cost line above the revenue line for Microsoft. Windows 10 has been downloaded on 67 million computers, which is is significantly higher than Windows 95’s 7 million. However, the number of computers worldwide has gone sky-rocketed, so that 67 million is a relatively low number. When one examines the change in its entirety, you will find that the cons of the change significantly outweigh the pros. Meaning that if

Audit for Business Academy Review - myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theAudit for Business Academy Review. Answer: Background information The athletic department manages their deposits to business office and then reconcile all the revenues from the sales of the tickets and all these activities are managed by the office manager only. The company make their deposits on monthly basis and generally it includes more than $ 2,000 under checks and the receipts related to credit cards. Purpose of the audit Generally, the check and cash receipts are most of the time subject to the misappropriation if proper control is not followed. Further, as the checks include the bank information and name best practice must be maintained for the purpose of reconciliation. The cash audit will be carried out to ensure that the cash has been properly named and categorized at the time of preparing the financial statement[1]. Further, it will assure that the cash balances and the cash deposits are reconciled properly with regard to the dates that are reported under the financial statement. The audit will further assist in verifying and obtaining mathematical accuracy of the cash related transactions through tracing the opening as well as the closing balances. Moreover, the audit will assist in recognizing the errors related to deposits, withdrawals, overstatement or understatement of cash[2]. To assure that the records reveal the expenses and receipts of cash mentioned in the balance sheet, the auditor sh all analyse the cash disbursement and receipts for the specific period prior to the financial statement. Scope of the audit The scope of cash receipt audit was to identify the receipt of cash operation procedure and the associated records of the organization. The audit will be carried out as per the Auditing standards issued by the Comptroller general and government of the country and will include various tests related to the records and will include such other procedures of auditing as the auditor will feel necessary under the circumstances[3]. To fulfil the requirement of audit, the auditors will examine the cash related records of the department and the activities during the year of 2016. Full detail of managements plan, procedures and policies will be obtained by the auditor. Moreover, the auditor will scrutinize the internal control procedure with regard to the operations related to receipt of cash and recording of the revenues. As the office manage is solely answerable for all the cash related deposits and revenue from the sales of receipts, he will be asked to provide all the required details of au dit[4]. Further, the branch offices will be visited to confirm the daily collection, deposits, handling and recording of cash related transactions. Statement of condition Various loopholes were recognized regarding the cash receipts, deposits and reconciliation of the revenues. It was found that the office manager alone is solely responsible for the preparation of transmittals of deposits to business office and reconciliation of revenue received for sale of event tickets[5]. Further, the deposits are made on monthly basis and generally include receipt from credit card and more than $ 2000 in checks. Another issue was that the events are generally reconciled in two months period which is considered as quite a long time for the purpose of reconciliation. Finally, the major issue found was that the received monies are kept in the office managers desk keeping it in the manila envelopes till it is deposited in the bank. Moreover, during audit the auditor found shortage of cash amounted to $ 1,000. Conclusion and recommendation From the above discussion it is concluded that various issues are there with the company with regard to receipt, deposits and reconciliation of cash and revenue that may lead to fraud, misstatement or embezzlement of cash. Looking into the circumstances, the following measures are recommended Segregation of duties as the office manager is solely responsible for al the cash related transactions, there is a high chance of misstatement, whether intentionally or unintentionally. Separating the duties among 3 -4 employees will make it difficult to conceal the fraudulent transactions. Access all the employees responsible for the cash transactions shall be provided with proper training before handling the cash. The process shall be documented in writing and must be handed over to the employees before assigning the job. Documentation when the payment will be received, the responsible person shall record it immediately in the cash receipt register along with the details like date, amount and payer. The transaction number shall be unique and shall be matched at the time of reconciliation Reconciliation the reconciliation process shall be carried out at least twice in a month instead of delaying it for two months as with times the discrepancies may disappear and make it difficult to identify. References Agostino, Frank, Jairo G. Cano, and Matthew Turtoro. "How to Report Cash Receipts and Payments."J. Tax Prac. Proc.16 (2014): 21. Henderson, Jason Dean. "Financial Statement (2015)."Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Science. Vol. 95. 2016. LaShaw, Margie Ness, Tara Lambert, and David Sloan. "Implementing Faith in Accounting: Application in a Student Auditing Project Through Service to the University."Christian Business Academy Review11.1 (2016). Nazri, M. F., et al. "Misconducts in Record Keeping for Cash Businesses: Malaysian Evidence on Game-Playing Issues on Audit Estimates between Tax Representatives and the Tax Office."2nd International Congress on Interdisciplinary Behavior and Social Science, ICIBSoS 2013. Taylor and Francis-Balkema, 2014. Solieri, Steven A., and Joan Hodowanitz. "Electronic Audit Confirmations: Leveraging Technology to Reduce the Risk of Fraud."Journal of Forensic Investigative Accounting8.1 (2016).

Jennifer Lopez Essays - Selena, Jennifer Lopez, Notaries

Jennifer Lopez Jennifer Lopez was born in the Bronx, New York on July 20, 1970. She is the daughter of a computer specialist Kindergarten teacher. Lopez always knew se wanted to be a performer. She started her showbiz career by appearing in the chorus of dancer, singer and choreographer Hinton Battle's Synchrocinicity musical in Japan. Jennifer Lopez got her shot at acting in Connie Kaiserman's My Little Girl where she perform a little part as Myra. She was selected as one of choreographer Rosie Perez's fly girls after she won a national competition of about 2,000 contestants. Lopez whose hip-hop dance numbers commanded a loyal audience in Fox's in living color, parlayed her new visibility into roles on various T.V series and movies. In Living Colors was the first step for Lopez. Lopez was still living in New York and had to move to L.A. Lopez followed the shows producer Keenan Ivory Wayans "You'll have more money and more experience" advise to stick with the show. While she was shaking her booty during commercial on Living Color, one of her co-workers whose husband was writing and producing South Central for Fox suggested her for a part. Lopez was seen as a recurring character here. The show was practically over before it started. Melinda Lopez character which Lopez portrayed in CBS second chance co-starring Connie Selleca and Megan Fallows was so popular that it was continued on Aaron Spelling series Malibu Road. She refused the development deal which was offered by CBS because she wanted a film career. Lopez introduced her talent to top film-makers with the movie Mi Famillia. Following this movie she jumped on Joseph Ruben's Money Train. Although, senator Bob Dole urged Americans to boycott the film and the co-stars Woody Harrison and Wesley Snipes were trashed by critics. Lopez left the train with victory where she got on as "Grace Santiago". Later on Lopez co-starred as Robin Williams latina teacher in the movie Jack. Despite having previously worked in Mi Famillia, Gregory Nava asked Lopez to audition as a part of nationwide search in Selena. No stranger to the pressures of audition the former dancer came in, nailed her mark and won the role. Jennifer Lopez thrust into spot light with her performance in this movie and increased her Hollywood stock considerably. The film succeeded despite some grumbly in the Mexican-American community that Lopez was of Puerto Rican decent. 5'6" Lopez who has a yen for pizzazz from childhood has made a terrific start as star-crossed Selena with donning plenty of sequins and spandex. Selena marked a new beginning for Lopez in more than just career terms. In the wrap party of the movie In San Antonio, Lopez's boyfriend Ojani Noa took the microphone and proposed on the dance floor. The couple married in early 1997. Lopez found out for sure that she had achieved stardom when false rumors of her divorce where printed in mainstream newspapers after only two months of marriage. But, they divorced after a year in fact. Jennifer Lopez ranked 16th on the People Magazine's 1997's 50 most beautiful people list. Lopez ended Jim Carrey's Liar Liar's spring box office sovereignty with her movie Anaconda. She revisited the same genie in the fall where she appeared opposite Sean Penn in Oliver Stones U-Turn.. Lopez beat out a bevy of A-list actresses to land a role in Out of Sight. Lopez who had signed a lucrative deal with Sony music after an intense bidding war will be next seen in Ants.

What Are The Advantages and Disadvantages of Brand Stretching Essays

What Are The Advantages and Disadvantages of Brand Stretching Essays What Are The Advantages and Disadvantages of Brand Stretching Paper What Are The Advantages and Disadvantages of Brand Stretching Paper In addressing the above question it is first important to establish what a brand is and the implications this gives to both existing products and products that may be laundered using existing titles. This essay will examine articles written concerning the stretching of brands and identify which brands have been successful and unsuccessful in this pursuit and why. It will also examine the financial motives for companies to penetrate existing markets using already established new products or services has lead to prosperity or disaster. The American Marketing Association refer to branding as the use of a name, a term, a symbol or a design to identify the goods or services of one seller and to distinguish them from those of the competition (WK4 Lecture). This use of branding is said to create an identity of the product that quickly allows consumers to identify a desired item and also gives a guarantee of quality of the product. Branding is also seen as being mutually beneficial to Manufacturers as protection is offered from competition, it allows maintenance of a premium price, promotion is made more efficient because the brand helps to evoke an image, and it also helps in the introduction of new products with the same brand name (WK4 Lectures). King (1971 p.3/4) writes of the rise of power of manufacturers by branding their products, thus taking control of the market from the wholesalers, by allowing retailers and consumers to more easily identify products they wanted. This process was moved further forward by manufacturers creating direct links with the buying public through the use of advertising. King states that the basic motive for this was to stabilise demand, thus allowing regular large-scale production, free from the whims of the wholesaler. Partly because of this the advertising tended to be based on the idea of reliability and guaranteed quality. (1971 p.3). It was due to such strategies (according to King) that the manufacturers dominated the market from about 1900 to 1960. However since the 1960s the market has turned a full cycle, returning control to the retailers (although maybe not so much to the wholesalers). This is illustrated by Caulkin (1987) who states that over the last two or three decades there has been a massive shift in the balance of power form manufacturing towards the retail end of the economy (p.46). This Caulkin states, is particularly notable in food and fast moving consumers goods. Large supermarkets such as Tescos, Asda and Sainsbury started to implement own-label goods which over time sharply reduced the manufacturers share of the market within only a few exceptions (such as baked beans and pet food) (Caulkin 1987). In an attempt to combat what is discussed above many manufacturers are returning to what was described in an article in the Economist 10/90 as an old standby of marketing; brand-stretching (p.105). This based on the principle of using an existing established brand name to help the launch of new products into the market. However, the potential for this sort of practice is said not to be unlimited. Peter Philips of CPC International commented in the Economist article If you get brand-stretching right , you can travel further for less money. If your get it wrong, you risk weakening the core values of the original product (10/90 p.105). Although it is important to note that stretched brands have a better chance of survival than new brands, OC and C found that, of products launched by the same multinational six years ago, only about 30% of new brands exist today while over 50% of stretched ones do (10/90 p.105). With statistics such as these, one can see that it indeed may be advantageous to a company to exploit its name in the promotion of new products and when expanding into new markets. The Economist article stresses the popularity of brand-stretching in the areas of food and drink. Advantages may also be sought when one considers the point made above that the cost of promoting new products with already established brand names, which is said to be considerably cheaper. The Economist article (10/90) points out that promotional costs for stretched brands are in fact 36% cheaper when compared to completely new products. This is presumable due to the public already having an awareness of the brand name, so the only real cost incurred is raising awareness of the existence of the product itself. The use of a brand name also implies assurance of quality (King 1971). It may further be considered that the use of a brand name on its own may persuade people to try new products, such as the Mars Ice Cream Bar. This may be considered in particular when one looks at the larger supermarket chains such as Sainsburys. Over the last two decades Sainsburys have produced own brands to compete with nearly every product that they stock. Due to the image conveyed by Sainsburys that implies (or in fact, guarantees) quality, it has been possible for them to penetrate nearly all areas of the food market successfully. This success may be attributed to the analysis of what a product is as defined by Nickels (1978). Nickels sees a product as an intangible sense of value that a consumer perceives when he or she weighs the benefits and drawbacks of making an exchange. It may therefore be viewed that the success of Sainsburys is mainly due to the consumer seeing little difference in quality between branded goods and Sainsburys own label goods, with Sainsburys holding th e advantage when price is considered. This point is reiterated by Caulkin (1987), who states that growing public perception that the best own-brands are no longer cheap alternatives to the real thing, but comparable in quality as well as price with the main manufacturers lines. The phenomenon of brand-stretching has not been unique to the manufacturing and retail sectors, but has in fact been used by those in the sector of public service. Nickels cites areas, such public libraries that have sought the advantages of brand-stretching. He refers to increased success of libraries that reconsidered what to offer by viewing the service they provide from the perspective of the public. This has resulted in a marked change of service in some American libraries which now provide services such as the loaning of domestics pets, childrens toys and the provision of music rooms and access to such things as a printing press, (1978 p.195). Nickels continues to state that the product of a library today may be anything that will satisfy the needs of selected market segments Libraries are much more successful today because they have designed their products to fit the needs of people (1978 p.196). It can therefore be seen that brand-stretching can be of great advantage when a n eed or area of market penetration is correctly recognised. However, when a company seeks the advantages of brand stretching, they must take great care to ensure that they get it right. The Economist article (10/90) points out that brands are not endlessly elastic. Stretching can also undermine the credibility of the original product. Consumers may not believe that the new product shares any of the cachet or characteristics of the old, or they may simply forget what was attractive about the original item, (10/90 p.105). However, when one considers this comment, it may well be true to say that not all stretched brands will be successful, but that does not seem to generally render original brands obsolete. If one is to consider the failure of David Hunter, (a stretch by Levis), it does not seem to of had an adverse effect on Levis. The problem seems to have aroused simply due to the manner that the stretched brand was marketed, i.e. those who bought classic tailored clothes would not buy them form Levis and not vice versa. It seems more simply, that it was inappropriate for Levis to have used their name to penetrate this particular market. This story seems to be reiterated by Van Den Burghs and Jargons low calorie salad dressing that failed using the name of flora. This, however does not seem to have harmed flora margarine in its place of market leader. It should be noted though that it is felt by many in the field of marketing that a failed product could cause disastrous effects for established products. Prof. Birger Wernerfelt of the MIT Sloan School of Management stated in the Economist article that Umbrella branding means putting up the reputation of the old product as a bond for the quality of the new one (10/90 p. 105). However in the field of well established brands, stretching by own-brand manufacturers has not been so successful. Items such as baked beans are said to have made little headway and that Heinz still hold half the share of the market. The same is said to also apply to pet foods, with Mars Pedigree Pet Foods not having been toppled form their No 1 spot (1987 p.47). A further point that has been made concerning brand stretching as a disadvantageous pursuit was made by Messrs Al Ries and Jack Trout (Citied in the Economist 10/90 p.106). In their book Bottom Up Marketing they argue that by companies widening their products, (even those who have been successful) they have hurt their brand equity. This they attribute to the nature of communication in Western Society being so large that they feel that, you are lucky if your brand can mean one thing. Almost never can it mean two or three things, (10/90 p.106). Thus confusing consumers of an established image of original brands. From the above discussion it can be seen that brand-stretching can be a good way of penetrating new markets. by good use of an established brand name considerable savings can be made in the field of promotion, as there is already an existence of brand awareness so promotion can more easily be centred around the product itself, with the added bonus that consumers may feel more inclined to give an initial trail of products displaying brand names they already know, ( such as the Mars Ice Cream Bar). This too is now the case with established own-brand labels, such as Sainsburys which offer marginally cheaper prices of products now perceived to be of equal quality to that of established brands. However inappropriate stretches, or those which do not offer good quality products have a danger of undermining the credibility of already established brands. Although from the research this sort of practice on the whole seems to lead to failure of the stretched brand, generally leaving the origina l in tact.

The Writers Voice in Literature and Rhetoric

The Writers Voice in Literature and Rhetoric In rhetoric and literary studies, voice is the distinctive style or manner of expression of an author or narrator.  As discussed below, voice is one of the most elusive yet important qualities in a piece of writing.   Voice is usually the key element in effective writing, says teacher and journalist Donald Murray. It is  what attracts the reader and communicates  to the reader. It is that element that gives the illusion of speech.  Murray continues: Voice carries the writers intensity and glues together the information that the reader needs to know. It is the music in writing that makes the meaning clear (Expecting the Unexpected: Teaching Myselfand Othersto Read and Write, 1989). EtymologyFrom the Latin, call The Music of a Writers Voice Voice is the sum of all strategies used by the author to create the illusion that the writer is speaking directly to the reader from the page. (Don Fry, quoted by Roy P. Clark, Writing Tools. Little, Brown, 2006) Voice is the most popular metaphor for writing style, but an equally suggestive one may be delivery or presentation, as it includes body language, facial expression, stance, and other qualities that set speakers apart from one another. (Ben Yagoda, The Sound on the Page. HarperCollins, 2004) If one means by style the voice, the irreducible and always recognizable and alive thing, then of course style is really everything. (Mary McCarthy, Writers at Work: The Paris Review Interviews, Second Series. 1977) Voice and Speech I think voice is one of the main forces that draws us into texts. We often give other explanations for what we like (clarity, style, energy, sublimity, reach, even truth), but I think its often one sort of voice or another. One way of saying this is that voice seems to overcome writing or textuality. That is, speech seems to come to us as listener; the speaker seems to do the work of getting the meaning into our heads. In the case of writing, on the other hand, its as though we as reader have [to] go to the text and do the work of extracting the meaning. And speech seems to give us more sense of contact with the author. (Peter Elbow, Everyone Can Write: Essays Toward a Hopeful Theory of Writing and Teaching. Oxford University Press, 2000) Multiple Voices The personality I am expressing in this written sentence is not the same as the one I orally express to my three-year-old who at this moment is bent on climbing onto my typewriter. For each of these two situations, I choose a different voice, a different mask, in order to accomplish what I want accomplished. (Walker Gibson, The Limits of Language. Hill and Wang, 1966) Just as you dress differently on different occasions, as a writer you assume different voices in different situations. If youre writing an essay about a personal experience, you may work hard to create a strong personal voice in your essay. . . . If youre writing a report or essay exam, you will adopt a more formal, public tone. Whatever the situation, the choice you make as you write and revise . . . will determine how readers interpret and respond to your presence. (Lisa Ede, Work in Progress: A Guide to Writing and Revising. St. Martins Press, 1989) Tone and Voice If voice is the writers personality that a reader hears in a text, then tone might be described as the writers attitude in a text. The tone of a text might be emotional (angry, enthusiastic, melancholy), measured (such as in an essay in which the author wants to seem reasonable on a controversial topic), or objective or neutral (as in a scientific report). . . . In writing, tone is created through word choice, sentence structure, imagery, and similar devices that convey to a reader the writers attitude. Voice, in writing, by contrast, is like the sound of your spoken voice: deep, high-pitched, nasal. It is the quality that makes your voice distinctly your own, no matter what tone you might take. In some ways, tone and voice overlap, but voice is a more fundamental characteristic of a writer, whereas tone changes upon the subject and the writers feelings about it. (Robert P. Yagelski,  Writing: Ten Core Concepts. Cengage, 2015) Grammar and Voice ​If, as we believe, grammar is linked to voice, students need to be thinking about grammar far earlier in the writing process. We cannot teach grammar in lasting ways if we teach it as a way to fix students writing, especially writing they view as already complete. Students need to construct knowledge of grammar by practicing it as part of what it means to write, particularly in how it helps create a voice that engages the reader on the page. (Mary Ehrenworth and Vicki Vinton, The Power of Grammar: Unconventional Approaches to the Conventions of Language. Heinemann, 2005) The Elusive Entity of Voice One of the most mysterious of writing’s immaterial properties is what people call voice. . . . Prose can show many virtues, including originality, without having a voice. It may avoid clichà ©, radiate conviction, be grammatically so clean that your grandmother could eat off it. But none of this has anything to do with this elusive entity the voice. There are probably all kinds of literary sins that prevent a piece of writing from having a voice, but there seems to be no guaranteed technique for creating one. Grammatical correctness doesn’t insure it. Calculated incorrectness doesn’t, either. Ingenuity, wit, sarcasm, euphony, frequent outbreaks of the first-person singular- any of these can enliven prose without giving it a voice. (Louis Menand, Bad Comma. The New Yorker, June 28, 2004)

Company law 2006 - An analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Company law 2006 - An analysis - Essay Example By eliminating the loss in the profit & loss account through reduction of share capital, company can declare dividends. Even when a company is trading profitably, the accumulated loss in its profit & loss account obstruct a company’s ability to declare dividends. A public company’s Articles of Association should have a provision for the reduction of share capital prior to seeking consent from shareholders for a reduction of capital. In case, if the Articles of Association of a company does not contain a restriction for the reduction of capital, then it may be altered by passing a special resolution in the member’s meeting. Under the CA 2006, a measure of creditor’s protection is offered by the express need that the solvency statement should cover all the details of liabilities of the company. In opposition to the court sanctioned procedures, the creditors do not have any privilege to object to a diminution of share capital. The statement of solvency should take into account all the contingency and prospective liabilities. If the company is having a shareholder’s agreement or availed bank finance, then consent from these stakeholders is necessary for reduction in share capital. ... n if it involves either the payment of paid-up capital to any shareholder or a diminution of shareholder liability as regards to unpaid capital unless the court deems that creditor should not be able to oppose or should be capable to oppose in a wider ambit as per section 645. In Russell v Northern Bank Development Corporation Ltd4 , it was held by the House of Lords that a company will be binding by an agreement by members that they will not encourage a shareholder’s resolution to vary its capital whereas it may not be binding itself, not to employ its authority bestowed on it by statue to vary its share capital. In British and American Trustee and Finance Corpn Ltd v Couper, the court was of the opinion that in case of reduction of capital, if objection is raised, the court will consider whether correct procedure was followed, whether creditors’ interests are not impacted and whether the scheme is equitable and fair between the parties footing upon the background of e ach cases5. The same view was also affirmed in the case Prudential Assurance Co Ltd v Chatterley –Whitfield Collieries Ltd6. In Re Saltdean Estate Co Ltd7 , it was held that if precedence is offered to the various classes as per the terms of issue, no separate class meetings are to be held to approve a reduction of capital. In the above, there was an opposition for a reduction of capital which was to be enforced by repaying the preferred shares. The reduction of preferred shares was approved by the court and it was opined by the court, that no variation of rights of preferred shareholders was there and there is no necessity to get the approval by a separate class meeting. The above view was also confirmed in House of Fraser Plc v ACGE Investments Ltd8. However, if the Articles of Association of the

Discuss in detail how a landlord can protect his rent flow during the Essay - 1

Discuss in detail how a landlord can protect his rent flow during the property cycle Using UK law and Proactive Management - Essay Example As the property moves in the different stages, the quality can be retained by upgrading the portfolio. This would attract investors and consequently lead contributes to the security of the income security. Buying or developing property to let is the first step for landlords to add to the investment portfolio. This is a medium to long term investment in which the property is let out to tenants or lease holders. Investment in property is a good for someone will to tie up large sums of money, require more tangible investments than shares and are willing to take a risk. The landlord needs to therefore have effective management system of protecting the rent floe during the various stages of the property life cycle. It follows that one has to deal with the risks of not earning a profit from the investment and also the fact that property prices may increase or reduce. Once the landlord finishes the purchase process, he can start earning the income through the rental that is paid. One of the options for the landlords is to insist on the use of the onerous provisions in the commercial leases. It is however will have very negative repercussions to the landlord when the rent reviews are done. Landlords may refuse to use a flexible system because the rent may be market prices that provide the standard rents (White, 2010). The preparation of the lease agreement is crucial for the landlord to manage the rent from the business. According to the tenant Act of 1927 and the landlord and tenant Act of 1988, the lease agreement can be done by absolute prohibition, qualified restriction and absolute qualified restriction. On the other hand, the most common method of developing effective leases is the qualified restriction. In the case of Addiscombe Garden estates Ltd v Cramble (1957) in which a trustee of a tennis court took possession of the tennis courts and a club house under

Paradise Now and Then Essay Example for Free

Paradise Now and Then Essay Understanding who the characters were and the reasoning for their actions was missing. Learning on how and why they started fighting was a challenge faced while watching this film. The lack of seeing relationships form and how the fighting started was a major difference compared to Paradise Now and then. During this ninety-minute production it was very clear on the relationships the characters held with one another. The roles each character played were easily connected back to the plot and helped unfold later scenes because of the apparent character attitude due to the time span of the film. The tactical plans behind the film’s attacks are showcased in very different ways. In The Battle of Algiers that attacks don’t show any planning before the actual attacks. The attacks on the street all just occur without planning. The attack upon the Palestinians is all of a car ride over to their community and a bomb explodes the building. The third attack from the Palestinians is all of three women changing their appearance to cross the border and the man creating the bomb. All that is left is the execution. Within Paradise Now and then the planning initially started nearly ten minutes into the film and wasn’t executed until eighty minutes later at the end. Since this plot takes so long to actually play out, it shows the emotions of the characters as to how they feel about their assignment. This also helps grasp an emotional level with Said and Khaled. Watching them go through the process and make decisions contributes to understanding of their different personalities. The Battle of Algiers, is a continuous strike to one side, then a counterattack from the other side. An in depth reason as to how the battle was started, the tactics behind the different attacks, and why specific person(s) were responsible for performing the attack was unclear because of the short time span. The music in The Battle of Algiers helped lead the viewer to certain feelings in various scenes. During the first attack scene from the Palestinians the music was dark and evil. This music type didn’t support the attacks of the Palestinians and seemed to take the other side. But when the Palestinians were attacked, the music was sad and remorseful suggesting feeling bad for the victims and their loss. The same music type took place while the French colonists bombed the Palestinian building. The music was dark and evil but when the French were bombed, the music was depressing and gloomy. Within the twenty-six minutes the film never chose protagonists and antagonists. The setting of the films played a big role on what the sides were actually fighting for. In the beginning of Paradise Now and then, while Said and Khaled are smoking they are sitting upon a hill. The camera is set from behind them looking down over their town suggestion they have power and control. This is showing whom they would be fighting for and the mass number of people who would be affected. Said crosses the border and walks along a highway of huge open land. Also Said and Khaled walk downtown together through towering buildings. The two scenes suggest the size of the opponent. In The Battle of Algiers, all of the scenes occur in the small streets of France and it appears as if the battle is being fought within one community. The camera is taking the view of a character on the street during the battles suggestion that neither side has power over the other. While one story crosses the street to fight for their people, the other crosses the border. Film making decisions can very easily pull in a viewer to the themes and motives of a plot. In The Battle of Algiers, the viewer does not get pulled into the battle. The film lacks the interest of one side over another and without this choosing of a protagonist verse an antagonist, the viewer cannot feel emotionally tied into the battle. Also without being introduced to any characters, the viewer in unclear to who is really being put at risk with each attack, who is gaining or losing what from the attacks, and what is actually being gained or lost. The only influence on the attacks that the viewer is aware of is that one side attacked another, so they must strike back. The filmmaking decisions do not shape the viewers attitude toward any character in this film. In Paradise Now and then, the viewer follows Said and Khaled through their journey to supposedly the end of their lives. The viewer is able to feel why the characters choose to go along with their mission, what is at stake if the mission is attempted, and what will be gained and lost if the mission is successful. Religion is a big factor that influences Said and Khaled to become suicide bombers. Khaled asks, â€Å"What happens after death? † He gets an answer of â€Å"Two angels will pick you up. † This is very satisfying for Khaled and Said to hear. Remarks are often made throughout the film regarding God. That they are doing their people and God a favor. Also â€Å"We do what we have to, God decides the rest. † At first they know what they will do will affect their people and help solve this fight, but then when Khaled talks to Suha, she talks him out of the bombing telling him that maybe if they don’t strike back that Israel will back off. The viewer is drawn to the fact that Khaled and Said are not fighting for violence or to kill, they are fighting for their people and God. The camera work while Said is talking about his father helps the viewer feel sympathetic for his loss of his father. The camera slowly zooms in on Said as he describes his father and this captures the viewer’s attention and pulls the viewer in as if Said is talking directly to the viewer. The viewer is also influenced to want Said and Suha together. Suha is only around when she is with Said. After the first scene Khaled tells Said that he thinks Suha likes him. After that the viewer is drawn to believe there is a connection between the two. This affects the later scene when Suha tries to influence Said not to fight because now the viewer is torn between having Said sacrifice himself for his people and God, or wanting Suha and Said to be together. Suha’s last appearance is while she is siting down at her table gazing at a picture of Said. The films do not showcase the political issues at stake in the historical situations. In the stories, all that is at stake within the plots are peoples’ lives. Whether it is a shooting on the street or a suicide bombing across the boarder, which kills the bomber and the victim. No other issue takes a bigger role in these two plots that the loss of peoples’ lives. It does seem correct as Suha said; if the opposing side doesn’t have a reason to strike back, the fighting will stop. The two films are stories of bombings between two different sides but are introduced through different means of filmmaking decisions. These different tactics shape the viewer’ attitude towards the bombing itself and the characters within the plot. In The Battle of Algiers, the viewer is influenced to oppose fighting due to one strategy, which is music choice. In Paradise Now and then, the viewer is influenced by the will to fight, which is an example of setting. Both films are stories about bombing but draw the audience into the plot with different tactics and strategies.

Richard Lederer: His Works :: essays research papers fc

Richard Lederer: His Works Richard Lederer was once asked where he would get all these funny stories he answered: "Ever since I became a writer, I had found that questions the most difficult to answer and had only recently come up with an analogy that I thought would satisfy both my audience and me. Pouncing on the opportunity to unveil my spanking new explanation, I countered with, Where does the spider get its web? The idea, of course, was that the spider is not aware how it spins out its intricate and beautiful patterns with the silky material that is simply a natural part of itself. Asking a writer to account for the genesis of his or her ideas is as futile as asking a spider the source of its web and method of its construction." Richard Lederer Introduction and bibliography Richard Lederer was the kind of child who, almost as soon as he could talk, saw a butterfly and cooed, "Oh, goody. A butterfly will flutter by." Even as a high- school student, Richard knew that Elvis Presley, born three years before him, would become immortal because he recognized that "Elvis Lives" is a two-word anagram. Richard Lederer entered Haverford College as a pre-medical student but soon found that he was reading the chemistry books for their literary value. Mr. Lederer became an English major and then attended Harvard Law School, where he found that he read the law cases for their literary value. So rather than fighting his verbivorous instincts, He switched into a Masters of Arts and Teaching program at Harvard. That led to a position at St. Paul's School, in Concord, NH, where he taught English and media for 27 years. Richard Lederer said that he would have gladly served them for the rest of his days, but having earned a Ph.D. in English and Linguistics from the University of New Hampshire inspired him to write books on language. The enthusiastic and popular response to these books, beginning with ‘Anguished English', gave him the opportunity to leave the St. Paul's community to extend his mission to teach in the English language. More than a million of his books are in print, most with Pocket Books and Dell. Richard Lederer has a column, "Looking at Language," which reaches more than a million readers through newspapers and magazines across the United States. His books have been nominated for the Book-of-the-Month Club as well as appearing in the Literary Guild alternate selections, and, in addition, his work has received positive reviews from the New York Times, Sports Illustrated, National Review, and Reader's Digest.

Procurement Essay

1. A buyer who communicates expectations clearly. The number one quality of a good customer is that they are able to express what they want and need. This ability is vital for a supplier to deliver the right product or service. A supplier can’t deliver what wasn’t asked for. As with pretty much every project of any sort that involves more than one person communication is the biggest factor in success. Poor communication will without a doubt cripple your project and it most often comes in one of two different forms. First there is slow communication. When clients take weeks to get back to you on simple updates projects drag and you don’t get paid. Additionally your motivation for the project will probably drop significantly causing you to take shortcuts when you finally do hear back on changes or approval or make assumptions when you don’t hear back. While your mindset may be that you just want to get this project out the door it could result in sub par work and a poor reflection of your capabilities. Second there is miscommunication. While your client may get back to you in a timely manner there is just something off between the two parties. This road can go both ways, as a designer working with clients its up to you to find out what their comfort level may be when communicating ‘techy’ things. Some clients are plenty familiar with the technology and best practices that go into web design while others will need to be walked through the process more. The positive side of this problem is that it is very avoidable. Communication issues are often glaringly obvious before a project ever gets under way. If you are looking for a project and not a headache you will likely be better off passing on projects that appear to be ridden with communication issues from the get go. 2. Allows a reasonable amount of time for the work. The business world is filled with customers who want it â€Å"yesterday.† Often, what these customers actually get is a rushed job full of mistakes and needing a lot of rework. A good customer, however, understands that quality service from the supplier takes time and plans accordingly. 3. Available for questions. While most suppliers can and do work independently, there’s nothing more frustrating for a supplier than being surprised by an obstacle and being unable to reach the customer for questions and clarifications. Smart customers therefore know that it’s cheaper to get it right the first time than to fix it later. They make themselves available. 4. Pays a fair amount for work required. A bargain is a bargain, except when it’s not. Often paying less than market rate for work results in getting work of less than average quality. That’s because a supplier who works on the cheap often must take on more work than they can really do well just to make ends meet. 5. Pays in a timely fashion. This is a buyer who discusses their payment terms with the supplier before the project begins and then honor those terms. If you say that you will pay within x days of the project’s completion, be sure to pay that amount within that timeframe. Don’t make the supplier beg you for their payment. You could ruin your professional reputation and even your credit history. 6. Has high integrity. Honesty is at the core of every successful business relationship. Suppliers like to deal with customers who conduct all of their business in an honest and transparent fashion. Not only is this a great way to conduct oneself in general, it will also enhance the buyer’s business reputation. 7. A buyer who allows the supplier to do their job. Once the buyer has hired the right person, then they the supplier possess the talent and skill to do the job well. The buyer therefore keeps an open mind about what their supplier proposes. They don’t be constantly second-guessing their supplier’s abilities. 8. A buyer who seeks an ongoing relationship. The best customers understand the value of an ongoing relationship. They don’t want to have to â€Å"break-in† a new supplier with each new project that they have. This will encourage loyalty from both parties which is very essential in any business undertaking. 9. A buyer who gives credit where credit is due. While it’s not always possible to give a supplier authorship credit for a product or service, a discerning customer notices when a supplier puts in extra effort or goes the extra mile in a project. 10. Committed to quality. Most suppliers take pride in their work and want to produce high quality work. They dislike it when a customer asks them to take shortcuts. 11. Project Attachment: Look for clients who are attached to the project at hand. If a project has a high personal or financial value to a client it can help solve a lot of the problems on this list. Working for a client who doesn’t care about the project at hand can be a demoralizing experience. While it might be counter-intuitive try to avoid clients that ‘need’ to have a project done. 12. Additional Work: It’s a little bit of a bonus but also one of the best characteristics about any client. A client that refers their friends to you or has multiple projects to tackle is a huge value to any designer. Be sure to reward your loyal customers with discounts and your best work. After all these clients are saving you a huge amount of time and the effort of finding additional work, time that would otherwise go unpaid. If you like a client that you work with and had a project that went well don’t hesitate to ask them for a testimonial and suggest that they share your contact information with anyone they know who needs a web site as well. 13. Save a large deposit (or buy with cash!) A large deposit shows a level of commitment to the property, as that money is non-refundable when you exchange contracts. The only thing that trumps a massive deposit is, of course, a cash buyer. Assuming the buyer has the funds in place and can prove it, the sale is much more likely to go through quickly without business owners being involved. 14. Flexible buyer: Sellers absolutely love flexible buyers because it means they can do things in the way they want, at the pace they want. This is one reason they like chain-free buyers because they tend to be able to move very quickly if necessary. But the opposite is also true. Perhaps your seller has been unable to find a suitable property themselves so they may want to agree a price with a buyer who is prepared to wait for them. If you are happy to proceed quickly, or slowly, and you make this clear to the seller, it could work in your favor.

Black Codes Essay

‘Black~Codes’ were legal statutes and constitutional amendments enacted by the ex~Confederate states following the Civil War that sought to restrict the liberties of newly freed sIaves, to ensure a supply of inexpensive agriculturaI Iabor; and maintain a white dominated hierarchy. However; the history of Black Codes did not begin wIth the coIIapse of the Confederacy. Prior to the Civil War, $tates in the south enacted Slave Codes to regulate the institution of slavery. Furthermore, northern, non~slave holding states enacted laws to limit the bl@ck political power and social mobility. For example~ in 1804, Ohio enacted Iaws prohibitin black people from immigrating into states. In 1813, the State of lllinois enacted a law banning free BIacks outright from immigrating into the $tate. Black Codes adopted after the Civil War borrowed elements from the antebellum slave laws and from the laws of the northern states used to regulate free blacks. Some Black Codes incorporated morality clauses based on antebellum slave laws into Back Code labor laws. For example, in Texas, a morality clause was used to make it crime for laborers to use offensive language in the presence of their employers, his agents, or his family members. Borrowing from the Ohio and Illinois codes, Arkansas enacted an ordinance banning free blacks from immigrating into the state. In the end, the Black Codes were largely extinguished when Radical Republican Reconstruction efforts began in 1866-67, and with the passage of the Fourteenth Amendment and civil rights legislation. Though the statutory lives of the Black Codes were short-lived, they are significant in that they served as precursors to the Jim Crow laws and social segregation among whites and blacks. For example, Arkansas passed a law prohibiting black children from 1attending school with children. The Texas legislature enacted a law requiring railroad companies to set aside a passenger car for black passengers. While each ex-Confederate state enacted its own set of Black Codes, all of them shared certain features. First, they defined the term â€Å"person of color. † Second, they prevented blacks from voting, holding office, or serving on juries. Third, they prevented blacks from serving in state militias. Fourth, they mandated for poor, unemployed persons (usually blacks) be arrested for vagrancy or bound as apprentices. Fifth, they mandated and regulated labor contracts between whites and free blacks. Sixth, they prohibited interracial marriages between whites and blacks. All of the Black Codes defined what it meant to be a â€Å"person of color. † However, these definitions were far from consistent. The Virginia legislature decreed that any person with onefourth Negro blood in their veins was a person of color. Georgia set the limit at one-eighth. Still yet, the Tennessee legislature declared anyone having any Negro blood at all made an individual a person of color. The leaders of the ex-Confederacy made no qualms about their desire to keep blacks out of the political process. To this end, all of the ex-Confederate states prevented blacks from voting, holding political office, or serving in the state militias. This view had some measure of support in the North. In an article appearing in the New York Times, an author wrote, â€Å"The denial of suffrage to the freedmen, we believe, cannot be made a bar to admission of the Southern representatives, for the reason is that it is no real denial of justice. No man, white or black, has title to a civil power which he has not the intelligence to exercise. † The Black Codes also prohibited blacks from serving in state militias. A principle reasons for these laws was probably a concern for insurrections and armed violence. However, a 2corollary concern was that the presence of armed black soldiers encouraged undesirable attitudes in blacks. For example, in Florida, the state legislature drafted resolution requesting that black Union Army troops be withdrawn from their lands because their presence alarmed whites and encouraged insubordination among blacks. Florida also passed laws prohibiting blacks from carry fire-arms or weapons. If blacks wanted to own a gun, these laws often required blacks to obtain a license from the county judge and to have witnesses, usually white, vouch for their nonviolent temperament. The vagrancy statutes were particularly harsh on freed blacks. While these statutes did not specifically target blacks in their language, they were predominately applied to blacks because of their impoverished condition. In general, vagrancy statutes stipulated that any person a law enforcement officer or judge deemed to be unemployed and not owning property could be arrested and charged as a vagrant. It was easy to arrest blacks for violating vagrancy laws because the freed blacks lacked wealth and land owning to their previous condition of servitude, and to a lesser extent because the federal government reneged on its promise to deliver forty acres and a mule to 40,000 freed slaves. Once arrested and convicted of vagrancy, a person would be forced into conditions nearly identical to slavery. They were either hired out to private individuals or forced to work public projects. They were not paid for their labor. In Florida, disobedience, tardiness, or running away could be punished by imprisonment, standing in the pillory or stockade, or flogging. Punishment by flogging usually consisted of receiving 39 lashes, a number frequently used when flogging slaves. Apprentice statutes functioned along with vagrancy statutes to ensure a steady supply of inexpensive labor. Under apprentice laws, minors of poor parents, or parents deemed to be 3vagrants, could be taken as wards of the court and bound out to a master for varying lengths of time. Males were usually bound until the age of twenty-one, females until the age of eighteen. Apprentices frequently had no choice in the trade they would be required to learn, however, masters were required to teach the apprentice a trade, provide for the apprentice’s living expenses, and provide the apprentice with a basic elementary level education. Some states even required the master to provide the apprentice with a monetary gift when the apprenticeship expired. Apprentices who violated apprentice laws by running away being disobedient to their master could be imprisoned, flogged, or forced to pay damages. The regulation of labor contracts with blacks was another hallmark of the Black Codes. In article appearing in a popular magazine of the time, a Southern author wrote of black people, â€Å"We should be satisfied to compel them to engage in coarse, common manual labor, and to punish them for dereliction of duty or non fulfillment of their contracts with such severity, as to make them useful, productive laborers. † Under the Black Code labor regime, blacks were free to work for any one they chose, but they were required to sign contracts that bound them to the employer at least a year. Once the contract was signed, blacks could not get out of the contract unless a court first declared the master violated the contract first. This deprived blacks of the opportunity to accept better paying jobs if they arose, and insured landowners had a steady supply of cheap labor. Punishment for blacks who broke their labor contracts included payment of damages, imprisonment. In states like Florida, it also included standing in the stockade or floggings. In Florida, behavior that constituted a breach of the contract included laziness, failure to appear for work, using offensive language with the employer, or running away. Most of the slave codes also made it a criminal offense for anyone to entice or encourage a black laborer to break an existing labor contract. Criminal laws also played an important aspect in the Black Codes. To varying degrees, ex-Confederate states passed criminal laws that prohibited petty that blacks were more likely to commit due to their immediate condition. For example, the Louisiana Penal Codes specifically criminalized trespassing on plantations. Because free blacks often had no place to live other than on their previous master’s plantation, they were more likely to be arrested under these statutes. Penal Codes also specifically targeted blacks by inflicting harsher punishments for some crimes than whites convicted of the same crime. Unequal punishment was important for keeping blacks in a condition of servitude. For example, a North Carolina statute made it a capital offense for a black person to assault a white woman with intent to rape. Finally, the Black Codes uniformly prohibited interracial marriages between blacks and whites. For example, in Texas anti-interracial marriage laws called for the punishment of both spouses with a fine, imprisonment or both. It was a criminal offense, as it was in Georgia, for anyone to knowingly marry a white and black person. And frequently county clerks were required to record marriages of blacks and whites in separate registries. Conversely, the Black Codes also uniformly recognized black marriages and the legitimacy of children born to black parents. However, many Black Codes made it a criminal offense under adultery and fornication laws for blacks to live together without getting married or registering as a married couple with the county clerk. These statutes were frequently applied to blacks living in rural areas who were living together as result of their impoverished condition.

Buddhism in a Post

Buddhism in a Post Introduction Buddhism is one of the religions, which has played an important role in the history of China. This religion, which spread to China from Central Asia, moved from being an insignificant religion to enjoying widespread acceptance by many Chinese. However, the influence of Buddhism was because of the collapse of the Han dynasty in 220 AD.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Buddhism in a Post- Han China specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Williams suggests that this collapse created a spiritual vacuum that the popular religions of the time tried to fill (131). Of all the competing religions and philosophies of the time, Buddhism was able to obtain the greatest support. This paper engages in a critical analysis of the attractions that Buddhism offered to Post-Han China. The Han Dynasty The Han dynasty, which existed between 206 BC, and 220AD was characterized by a centralized administration with an emperor who expan ded the boundaries of China through conquest. The empire had a strong army that was used for expand the territory under the administrations control. In the course of the Han dynasty, Confucianism influenced the structure of government and this philosophy was the most influential in society. During this era, Central Asian missionaries who styled the religion as a sect of Daoism introduced Buddhism to China (Chey 125). In its early years, Buddhism was viewed as a foreign religion and periodic persecution of Buddhists was common in the Han dynasty (Williams 131). As such, Buddhism played an inferior role in China over the cause of the Han dynasty. The fall of the Han was precipitated by political instability caused by conspiracies among empresses and court officials. This instability led the military to overthrow the Han dynasty in 220 AD therefore ending the four-century rule of the Han. After the fall of the Han, most of the scholars in China abandoned the Confucian philosophy that h ad been followed by the Han dynasty. In its place, many followed Buddhism, which offered a number of attractions to the Chinese population. Attraction of Buddhism The early centuries following the collapse of the Han dynasty post were characterized by widespread chaos and violence as warlords sought to assert their dominion in various regions. In these chaotic times, Buddhism brought about some sense of order for the Chinese people. Historically, religion has been used as a means for validating the authority of the ruling class.Advertising Looking for essay on asian? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In the same way, Buddhism enabled the rulers to solidify their authority over their subjects (Williams 130). The religion stipulated what it entailed being a good citizen and outlined the responsibilities that the subjects had to fulfill to their rulers.  Buddhism brought about a sense of identity to the people of China. A major cause of the fall of the Han was religious rebellion, which plagued China up to the overthrow of the Han dynasty. Tang notes that post-Han dynasty China as characterized by an extended period of division and civil war (170). The absence of an organized government in China encouraged the rise of warlords who tried to establish their own rule over China. As Buddhism spread all over the land, the Chinese people had a common ground and they could once again exhibit a sense of unity.  Buddhism offered a means of personal deliverance since it was a doctrine of personal salvation. Duiker and Spielvogel suggest that the collapse of the Han Empire had a market effect on the Chinese psyche (312). The Confucian principles, which had been at the core of Han leadership, came under severe challenge. Confucianism had emphasized on hard work and the giving up of individual interests for the common good. The fall of the Han dynasty suggested that these values were not solid and individual s started to seek out messianic creeds that emphasized individual effort and the supernatural or the promise of earthly or heavenly salvation. The disunity and political fragmentation facing post-Han China made individualism appealing to most people. Williams documents that most people attempted to live in harmony with the Source of Things and if necessary alone (131). Buddhism exhorted this kind of lifestyle and it therefore gained a foothold with the society. Individuals no longer had to concern themselves with the communal good since the religion only held them responsible for their own personal conduct.  Buddhism was attractive since it did not require major cultural changes for its new Chinese converts. In its introductory years, Buddhism was presented as a Daoist sect; a fact that increased its popularity since Daoism was already well known by the Chinese. Tang notes that for a while, there was a clash between Buddhism and Daoism due to cultural differences between the two r eligions (170). However, these conflicts did not last since Buddhism was able to adapt successfully. By the post-Han period, Buddhism had completely merged with traditional Chinese culture and had become a part of Chinese culture.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Buddhism in a Post- Han China specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Kuiper confirms that the early translations of Buddhist text into Chinese utilized Daoist vocabulary, which made them easy to follow to the Chinese (119). As such, new converts did not perceive Buddhism as a religion that tried to being about a new way of living for the Chinese. Instead, Buddhism was perceived as a part of Chinese culture and the sect produced had a Chinese spirit in it (Tang 170). Buddhism offers an emotional satisfaction that was sort after by many especially in the intellectual circles. Confucianism which had been practiced in the Han dynasty emphasized moralism and complacenc y. In the post-Han era, the intellectuals began to reject this ideology and sought emotional satisfaction in hedonistic pursuits and philosophical Daoism (Duiker and Spielvogel 312). However, the hedonistic pursuits and Daoism did not satisfy the deeper emotional needs that the people continued to feel. Buddhism inspired the people through its sophisticated meditative practice and they were able to enjoy the emotional satisfaction they sort. It continued to receive inspiration from the sophisticated meditative practices of the Indian Another attraction of Buddhism in China was its emphasis on the values of charity and compassion. The post-Han China was characterized by a lack of virtue as communities went to war against each other. Buddhism taught of the values of humanity and exhorted individuals to treat each other in a neighborly fashion. Through the concept of Karma, Buddhism taught that a person would be punished or rewarded in their next life based on their actions in the pres ent life (Kuiper 118). The concept of Karma, which revealed that each person determined their own destiny through their individual actions, was attractive to the Chinese who were moving to a more individualistic form of society. The teachings of Buddhism were able to provide solace in times of sorrow in a way that the other popular beliefs could not. Chinese Buddhism taught the indestructibility of the soul and this enabled the people to bear with the hardships that war brought about (Kuiper 118).Buddhism gave the people hope of a better life in the hereafter and this made the religion appealing to the people who were undergoing turbulent times. Buddhism taught that life was suffering and this was a reality that many Chinese could relate to. However, Buddhism revealed that if one lived a good life, then they could attain Nirvana, which is a state of eternal bliss.  Buddhism provided a means for the masses to acquire a formal education. In the post-Han centuries, Buddhism establish ed itself as a powerful intellectual force in China.Advertising Looking for essay on asian? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Buddhist schools from India were set up in China and monastic establishments became widespread. For this reason, Buddhism became well established among the nobles and peasantry alike since it provided a means for education. Kuiper states that this attraction of Buddhism made the Sui dynasty of 581-618 take Buddhism as the state religion (120). Conclusion Religion has played a major role in the development of human civilization. This paper set out to analyze the attraction of Buddhism in post-Han China. To this end, the paper has demonstrated that Buddhism was able to emerge as a sufficient substitute to Confucianism in post-Han China. Buddhism was able to meet the needs that the Chinese people faced following the state of unrest that followed the collapse of the Han dynasty. Because of the numerous attractions that Buddhism offered, the religion was able to obtain a large following throughout China and continue to play a crucial role in Chinese society for many centuries. Chey, Sie w. China Condensed: 5000 Years of History Culture. New Delhi: Marshall Cavendish, 2005 Duiker, William and Spielvogel, Jackson. Cengage Advantage Books: World History. NY: Cengage Learning, 2012. Print. Kuiper, Kathleen. The Culture of China. Boston: The Rosen Publishing Group, 2010. Print. Tang, Yijie. Confucianism, Buddhism, Daoism, Christianity, and Chinese Culture. Beijing: CRVP, 1991. Print. Williams, Paul. MahÄ yÄ na Buddhism: The Doctrinal Foundations. NY: Taylor Francis, 2009. Print.

Famous Quotes About Friendship and Love

Famous Quotes About Friendship and Love Can friendships be platonic? Is there an invisible space that exists between friends? Can best friends fall in love? Many marriages are the product of friendship. While it is not correct to say that platonic love does not exist, sometimes sparks do fly. Love blossoms when there is no boundary or space. It may take a while for you to realize how and when the friendship grew into love. The natural progression may not be sudden, but friends are often caught unawares when amorous feelings creep into their heart. Once a friend falls in love, there is no going back. If the love is reciprocated, the relationship can reach a new level of intimacy and passion. However, if love is unrequited, the friendship faces the risk of destruction. To revert to the same old platonic friendship may be difficult at this stage. If you harbor a secret passion for your dear friend, but you are unsure of their feelings, tread carefully. Look out for telltale signs of love. Does their hand linger on yours longer than usual? Do they look at you even when you are not looking at them? You can take the help of a common friend to find out how strongly they feel about you. Quotes About Love and Friendship If words fail you, use these friendship and love quotes to subtly convey your feelings. If they are unsure, help them overcome their hesitation by using tender friendship and love quotes. Share your dreams and fantasies with your beloved and let your love overpower them. Khalil Gibran It is wrong to think that love comes from long companionship and persevering courtship. Love is the offspring of spiritual affinity and unless that affinity is created in a moment, it will not be created for years or even generations. Heather Grove Just because you know someone doesnt mean you love them, and just because you dont know people doesnt mean you cant love them. You can fall in love with a complete stranger in a heartbeat, if God planned that route for you. So open your heart to strangers more often. You never know when God will throw that pass at you. John LeCarre The reward for love is the experience of loving. Homer The difficulty is not so great to die for a friend, as to find a friend worth dying for. C. S. Lewis Unsatisfied desire is in itself more desirable than any other satisfaction. Mason Cooley Friendship is love minus sex and plus reason. Love is friendship plus sex and minus reason. George Jean Nathan Love demands infinitely less than friendship. Joan Crawford Love is a fire. But whether it is going to warm your hearth or burn down your house, you can never tell. Erich Fromm Immature love says I love you because I need you. Mature love says I need you because I love you. Francois Mauriac No love, no friendship can cross the path of our destiny without leaving some mark on it forever. Edna St. Vincent Millay Where you used to be, there is a hole in the world, which I find myself constantly walking around in the daytime, and falling in at night. I miss you like hell. V. C. Andrews, Petals on the Wind Angel, saint, Devils spawn, good or evil, youve got me pinned to the wall and labeled as yours until the day I die. And if you die first, then it wont be long before I follow. Karen Casey Truly loving another means letting go of all expectations. It means full acceptance, even celebration of anothers personhood. The Gestalt Prayer I do my thing and you do yours. I am not in this world to live up to your expectations, and you are not in this world to live up to mine. You are you and I am I and if by chance we find each other, then it is beautiful. If not, then it cant be helped. Charles Dickens, Great Expectations Ill tell you...what real love is. It is blind devotion, unquestioning self-humiliation, utter submission, trust and belief against yourself and against the whole world, giving up your whole heart and soul to the smiter - as I did! Goethe It is the true season of love, when we know that we alone can love, that no one could ever have loved before us and that no one will ever love in the same way after us. Victor Hugo, Les Miserables She loved with so much the more passion as she loved with ignorance. She did not know whether it was good or evil, beneficient or dangerous, necessary or accidental, eternal or transitory, permitted or prohibited: she loved. Ovid Love and dignity cannot share the same abode. Albert Schweitzer Sometimes our light goes out but is blown again into flame by an encounter with another human being. Each of us owes the deepest thanks to those who have rekindled this inner light. Andre Pevost Platonic love is like an inactive volcano. Francois De La Rochefoucauld No disguise can long conceal love where it is, nor feign it where it is not. David Tyson Gentry True friendship comes when the silence between two people is comfortable. Felicity I guess when your heart gets broken, you sort of start to see cracks in everything. Im convinced that tragedy wants to harden us, and our mission is never to let it.

Varieties of Romanticism in Art Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Varieties of Romanticism in Art - Assignment Example Looking closely at a particular finished artwork can help the viewer to understand important concepts within the given society, such as the relationship between women and men or the political forces at work. By comparing several works of the Romanticist period, one can begin to understand the underlying forces of the period and thus appreciate the individual approaches to a greater degree. Romanticism focused on more direct emotional expression than the highly constructed neoclassicist approach that preceded it. â€Å"An interesting schematic explanation calls romanticism the predominance of imagination over reason and formal rules (classicism) and over the sense of fact or the actual (realism)† (Holman & Harmon, 2001). Characteristics of the style identified by Welleck (2003) include a â€Å"revolt against the principles of neo-classicism criticism, the rediscovery of older English literature, the turn toward subjectivity and the worship of external nature slowly prepared during the eighteenth century† (196). The period idolized the imagination as the highest of human capacities due largely in part to its creative abilities and as a means of reacting to sweeping change in every aspect of life. It also esteemed nature not only because of the creative element inherent in it, but also because of the manifestation of the imagination that could be found with in it in the sense that we create what we see. The world was full of symbols and signs that would portend future events and actions which were knowable through their relationship to the myths and legends of antiquity. Thus, it was not necessary or even fully expressive to remain doggedly true to physical vision. This approach to art can be seen as early as 1781 in the work of Henry Fuseli. In his numerous paintings and drawings, this artist chose to focus on elements of the imagination and its effects on the living experience of the human animal. The Romantic approach can be

E-Commerce Business Model Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

E-Commerce Business Model - Assignment Example The main objective of the e-commerce organisation is to attract online customers and to increase the sales (SportsDirect, 2013). The following image will show screen-print of SportsDirect: SportsDirect follows Business-to-Consumer (B2C) business model. There are significant differences between Business-to-Business (B2B) and Business-to-Consumer (B2C) customers. Concerning B2C customers, it involves business transactions between organisations and customers. The basic concept behind this business model is that e-retailers can sell the products to the customers through various tools such as internet shops or telemarketing. On the other hand, in B2B business model, both purchasers and sellers are business organisations. The purchasing procedure in B2C and B2B is also dissimilar. In B2C, the purchasing method is simple where customers use their credit or debit cards along with providing other necessary information in order to make a sale. Conversely, in B2B business model, the payment can be done through invoice, especially for bulk purchases (Barkley & et. al., 2007). There is substantially more stake in sales opportunities in B2B websites in comparison to B2C websites. However, it can be observed that several B2B websites had faced bad customer experiences than B2C websites. Majority of B2B websites focus on designing websites for themselves rather than for the suitability of customers. Thus, this attitude creates a hindrance in the way of potential customers who use internet in order to discover organisations which can satisfy their requirements. However, it is worth mentioning that internet had significantly altered the relationship between organisations and customers where majority of interactions are demand oriented (BusinessWire, 2006). The quick development of collaborative internet services has resulted in a continually increasing number of e-commerce websites. With the increase in e-commerce

Flight 1862 Report Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Flight 1862 Report - Case Study Example The Captain Yitzhak Fuchs, First Officer Arnon Ohad, and Flight Engineer Gedalya Sofer were on board. Anat Solomon, who happened to be the only passenger on board, was an employee of E1 A1 traveling to Tel Aviv to be married to a colleague. (El Al Flight 1862 retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Al_Flight_1862) Flight 1862 was originally scheduled to depart at 5:30 PM, but the departure was delayed till 6:20 PM. At 6:22 PM, Flight 1862 took its departed from runway 01L on a northerly heading. Immediately it went away from the runway, it turned to the right so as to follow the Pampus departure route, with the help of the Pampus VOR/DME navigation station. Soon after the turn, at 6:27 pm, just above the Gooimeer, a lake somewhere near Amsterdam, a very sharp bang was heard above while Flight 1862 was climbing through 6500 feet. Engine 3 was separated from the right wing of the aircraft, and thereby damaging the wing flaps, and struck engine 4 in the process, and this separated it from the wing. The two engines fell off from the plane, attracting the attention of some pleasure boaters who had been taken aback by the loud noise. The Netherlands Coast Guard was immediately notified by the boaters of two strange objects they had seen falling from the sky. A mayday call was made by Captain Fuchs to the control tower and made indications that he wanted to return to Schiphol. At exactly 6:28:45 PM, the captain reported that they had lost the number 3 and number 4 engine, number 3 and number 4 engine. Personnel information The flight crew included the captain, the first officer, and the flight engineer. A review of the qualifications and background of the flight crew revealed that the captain was 59 years old, held an Israeli airline transport license. The flight captain had 25,000 hours total flying time, and 9,500 hours flying the B-747. The first officer, age 32, held an Israeli ATPL with type ratings in the Boeing 747 and Boeing 707. He had 4,288 hours flying time, with 612 hours in the Boeing 747. The flight engineer, aged 61, held an Israeli flight engineer license, with ratings for the Boeing 747 and Boeing 707. He had 26,000 hours total flying time, and 15,000 hours in the B-747. (Flight safety foundation accident prevention 1996) The Route of the fatal flight The enormity of the situation was not yet grasps by ATC. In aviation world, the word "lost" as used by Captain Fuchs generally refers to a loss of engine capacity. As a result of this, ATC therefore believed that the two engines had merely stopped functioning, and did not realize that they had actually fallen off. Probable the crew too did not realize that the engines had fallen off the aircraft. The visibility of the outboard engine on the wing of a 747 from the cockpit is quite difficulty, while the inboard engine on the wing is not visible at all. It is most likely that the crew did not know that both engines had broken away from the right wing. The Emergency landing attempt The runway available for traffic at Schiphol was runway 06 (the Kaagbaan) on the evening of October 4, 1992, that notwithstanding, Captain Fuchs requested for runway 27 (the Buitenveldertbaan) for an emergency

Emergence Of Neoliberal Development Theory Economics Essay

Emergence Of Neoliberal Development Theory Economics Essay Introduction This essay aims to justify the emergence of neoliberal development theory by analysing the historical, political and economic backgrounds in the second half of the twentieth century and identify the key features of its success. Also, the essay aims to establish the reasons behind the failure of the Keynesian model that was dominant prior to the neoliberal theory. Firstly, it will define development, outline its origins and goals and look back at the history of development to identify major theories prevailing in global economics. Secondly, it will account for the transition from the Keynesianism to neoliberal theory and argue that the main drawback of the former extensive state intervention in economics was the reason behind the rise of the latter. Finally, it will analyse the neoliberal development theory in terms of its strengths and weaknesses and conclude with suggesting perspectives of the theory in the future. What is development? Development presents an elusive concept to define. As the term itself is incredibly broad, the simplest definition of Good Change (Chambers 1997) will not suffice: factors such as time, perspective and focus should be considered to encompass the term (Thomas 2000). Development does not happen overnight, therefore, to understand it we need to look at a series of changes throughout history and the inevitable processes which accompany it. Secondly, understanding of development shifts depending on the vision or perspective of what development aims to achieve (modern society, maximum use of human potential or fixing the faults of progress). Finally, development could be seen as a focused effort to eradicate a problem (i.e. poverty, hunger, AIDS, etc.). Generally, development is summarised as a process of developing countries trying to catch up with developed countries (Kiely 2007). If we look at the current goals in development outlined by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), we can see that in developing countries by 2015: Extreme poverty should be reduced by one half. Universal primary education should be ensured and gender disparity in education eliminated. Infant/child mortality should be reduced by two thirds and maternal mortality by three quarters. National strategies for sustainable development should be implemented (OECD 1996). On the surface these goals appear to tackle social problems (quality of life and education) but they are deeply intertwined with both politics and economics. In order to achieve those state leaders need to work along with international organisations whose economic expertise can help to shape needed policies. No matter how noble these aspirations sound, it is the question whether they are realistic enough to implement that we should ask ourselves. It is possible to assess the chances of success better by looking back at the history of development and its former achievements. The modern history of development begins with the end of the Second World War in 1945 when new states emerged and the old international order was reshaped. The key theme in development was expanding the economic growth through industrialisation. The unique position of the USA after the war (minimal losses) facilitated its becoming a super power. Not only did it have an exceptional political influence in the international affairs but it also helped to promote capitalism and democratic values in Europe as well as the developing countries. The USA did this not only through foreign aid and direct investment but creating such international organisations as the UN, the IMF and the World Bank. The Cold War split the world into two camps: capitalist and communist. While the superpowers were trying to win more political influence, they also helped to modernise developing countries by boosting their economies. Of course, it came with a price joining a camp of the donors. The USA supported national liberation of the colonies and promoted development of anti-communist ex-colonies. This period from 1950s to 1970s is also known as the golden age of capitalism. High rates of profit facilitated high rates of capital accumulation and unprecedented economic growth, high productivity, high wages, expanding demand (Kiely 2007). Such growth resulted in full employment, creation of welfare system and a spread of globalisation. However, by the 1970s problems with the system became obvious: states had monopolized important industries (coal, steel) which limited the capacity of economic growth, thus investment was dominated by political not economic reasons. Preston argues that there was an assumption that states have the right to intervene directly in production and distribution (Preston 1996: p. 154-156). This resulted in capital not being allowed to cross borders without government approval, so states could set domestic interest rates, fix the exchange rate, tax and spend as they wanted to secure national economic objectives, moreover, the divide between developed and developing countries remained high (Leys 1996). The decline in profit rates recorded in the developed countries at the end of the 1960s deepened and in the 1970s spread into an open capitalist crisis, characterized by a swing of the whole system into monetary-financial chaos, exploding inequalities, and mass unemployment (Herrera 2006). The Keynesian model The golden age of capitalism was dominated by the Keynesian development model, which maintains that the level of economic activity is determined by the level of aggregate demand (Palley 2004). John Maynard Keynes, the forefather of modern macroeconomics, argued that if markets were depoliticised, completely free from the intervention of governments, it would cause a period of economic depression and financial crisis. In order to prevent such a downfall he suggested that governments should control fiscal and monetary policies. Within this theory unemployment could be explained through weakness in the aggregate demand generation process that capitalist economies are subject to. In the aftermath of the post war period it was this particular model that allowed states to rebuild and boost economies. A weak point, however, was the so-called spending ratchet governments provided additional support for workers during hard times but it was politically difficult to take them away during a booming economy. Therefore, the rate of economic growth slowed down and the risk of inflation rose. This was not the only problem with the Keynesianism. According to Palley (2004) there existed two sub-theories about income distribution: one originating in the USA, the other in the UK. American Keynesians advocated the neoliberal paid what you are worth theory of income distribution, while British Keynesians argue that income distribution depends significantly on institutional factors. Palley then explains it in detail: It meant that not only do a factors relative scarcity and productivity matter, but so too does its bargaining power, which is impacted by institutional arrangements. This explains the significance of trade unions, laws governing minimum wages, employee rights at work, and systems of social protection such as unemployment insurance. Finally, public understandings of the economy also matter, since a public that views the economy through a bargaining power lens will have greater political sympathies for trade unions and institutions of social protection (Palley 2004: 2 ). In essence the two schools differed in their understanding of the factors involved in (simply put) wages and income. For example an American Keynesian, would view an employees bargaining power in wage negotiations as entirely dependent on demand for the employees skills, its relative scarcity and the employers ability to pay. The British view in however would encompass such additional factors as unions (in the case of employment) enforcing collective bargaining or national minimum wage structures. The British view therefore contained a more realistic accounting of income distribution versus a more pure capitalist view. One of the major factors of the transition from the Keynesianism to neoliberalism was the unstable prices for petrol in the OPEC in the 1970s. Another factor is of social nature the USA has promoted individualism that rejected the communist collective economic approach and kindled the debates in favour of free markets not controlled by the government. Combined with the divide between the train of Keynesian thought in the UK and the USA the theory slowly started to be replaced with neoliberalism. What is neoliberal development theory? Like development neoliberalism is a disputed notion. This term could be attributed to describe a theory of International Relations, an ideology, a development theory or economic theory. To avoid confusion we suggest a definition by Harvey: Neoliberalism  is  a  theory  of  political  economic  practices that proposes that human well being can best be advanced by liberating individual entrepreneurial freedoms and skills within an institutional framework characterized by strong property rights, free markets and free trade. The role of the state is to create and preserve an institutional framework  appropriate to such practices (Harvey, 2005: 2). Neoliberal development theory has emerged in 1970s with the end of the golden age of capitalism. As the world economy was entering a recession, old strategies ceased to work and neoliberalism claimed to provide tools to overcome the financial crisis. The core of the theory lied in an assumption that bad policies were rooted in extensive governmental intervention in economics. Economic growth could be restored by policies ensuring competitiveness in the world economy. Neoliberal development theory aimed to enhance growth, create free markets, replace the Keynesianism that proved to be weak, and eliminate the intervention of the state in the economy that resulted in poor economic performance in many countries (Harrison, 2005). This approach was adopted by major international organisations such as the IMF and the World Bank which made the transition faster. This theory accumulated popularity as the USSR economic growth began to slow down in the 1980s and with the collapse of the Soviet Union, capitalism had proven to be a superior political-economic system to those that had  been its alternatives (Flew 2012). In order to understand what neoliberalism could offer that the Keynesianism could not Herrera (2006) splits the neoliberal strategies into domestic and international ones. They are both aimed at ensuring that the USA sustains and develops its hegemony. Firstly, at the national level, implementing the government control free economy by: (1) deforming the structure of capital ownership to the benefit of the private sector, (2) reducing public spending for social purposes, and (3) imposing wage austerity as a key priority in fighting inflation. Then, to internationally maintain the dominance of the American dollar with the help of the major international organisations and to promote free trade. This argument is in line with the Washington Consensus development strategies which included fiscal discipline, keeping inflation under control, welcoming foreign trade and investment, reducing the role of the government in general, and promoting new exports (Skidmore and Smith, 2005: 59). As com plementary to these goals, the Consensus also advocated tax reform including cutting marginal tax rates (reducing taxes for the rich), creating a unified and competitive exchange rate, and securing property rights (particularly for foreigners in developing countries) (Todaro and Smith, 2006: 538). During the last 30 years this objective has resulted in the proliferation of neoliberal policies of deregulation, privatisation and marketisation (Cahill 2010). When portraying neoliberalism it is paramount to mention the basic principle of individualism. Neoliberalism implies that at the very heart of the concept lies the uniqueness of an individual that leads to subjective and self-centred preferences. Cahill (2010) argues that neoliberals base the defence of free markets on this: liberty is depicted as a core aim of society in which markets represent spheres of voluntary exchanges between individuals. Based on the assumption that from rational point of view individuals would only engage in an exchange that was beneficial for them, markets allow them to satisfy preferences free from external interference or coercion. This way markets represent an excellent platform for spreading liberty. From the economic point of view free markets, with voluntary exchange at their core, let the preferences of rational self interested utility maximisers to be expressed and satisfied. In this case prices represent markers of such preferences and along with the freedom of choice ensure that resource allocation is subject to the preferences. Such system leads to the claim of neoliberals that are not only moral but efficient means for producing and distributing goods and services. Freed from governmental involvement markets produce better results unlike when being under state control with politicians inevitably choosing one industry over another. It appears that better results could be achieved with a shift from the public to the private sector. Strengths/weaknesses In order to establish if the transition to the neoliberal development theory was successful it is necessary to go back to the goals that the theory proponents wanted to achieve: free trade, economic growth, liberalisation, depoliticising of economics and privatisation. While there is evidence that free trade facilitated economic growth it has been slower than expected and still connected with state intervention: there is a positive correlation between an economys exposure to international trade and the size of its government in the years from the 1960s to the 1990s (Rodrik 1998) and similarly whereas levels of trade and levels of government expenditure are positively correlated, countries in which trade has increased more quickly in recent decades have experienced slower growth in government spending (Garett 2001). At the same time free trade and liberalisation has facilitated the emergence and development of globalisation opening new prospects of integration in the international economics and society. On the other hand, globalisation has its own drawbacks, especially in regards to developing countries they still have to catch up with more advanced states but the competition is a lot higher. Without modern technologies which are too expensive, tight budgets and a lack of mass production capability the developing countries, for example in sub-Saharan Africa, remain behind the western states or BRIC countries. Moreover, they have not achieved political freedom either the international organizations call on national governments to adopt neoliberal economic policies imposed from without while the globalized financial markets dispossess these states of their sovereignty and foreign core capital insinuates itself into the periphery countries capitalist ownership structure (Herrera 2006: 5). Promoting democracy and liberalisation could mask more egoistic than altruistic reasons. Neoliberal reforms concentrate on achieving them at the expense of other important factors of development, such as environmental protection, human rights and most important elimination of global absolute poverty (Todaro and Smith, 2006: 548). Conclusions and considerations Summing up the explanation of the emergence of the neoliberal development theory we argue that although the theory has proven to be flawed, nevertheless, its world domination is justified and it is likely to continue its course in the future. While the Keynesian model was efficient during the post-war period and helped to rebuild the economy, it could not provide the international community with the tools they needed to overcome the financial recession in the 1970s. The state-controlled economics framework could not accept and embrace the free market and privatisation because it would mean losing a substantial part of political influence for the governments. Therefore, neoliberalism was the rational choice to adopt in order to revive the economy. As the major superpower (and after the end of the Cold War the unitary) the USA hegemony started to spread further the IMF, the World Bank and other international institutions promoted the development of neoliberalism in both developed and developing countries. Neoliberals believed that markets are able to manage and distribute capital better than states. For the developing countries it also meant more options for employment by expanding the output of exports. Conversely, the emergence, development and finally establishment of the neoliberal development theory as the dominant one has created a number of issues that are complicated to resolve: the widening gap between the rich and the poor, the slowdown of the economic growth and the recession. Promoting democracy and liberal values often hide states own interest, i.e. the war in Iraq in 2003, recent interventions in Syria and Libya. Although economy has become less state-oriented the goals of multinational corporations do not comprise of reducing poverty and inequality as their primary objective. In order to sustain the neoliberal model, it should be re-developed to provide better social security, lessen inequality and poverty, pay greater attention to human rights and create truly independent and unbiased institutions. Only then the 2015 goals of development could be achieved.